Food of Türkiye

Turkish cooking draws on Anatolia, the Aegean, the Black Sea and the southeast, with grilled meats, stuffed vegetables, yogurt, olive oil dishes, flaky pastries and fresh bread. Breakfast is a large spread, lunch is often soup and vegetables, and dinners are sociable meals of mezes and grills. Tea and coffee punctuate the day, and sweets range from syrupy baklava to chewy lokum.

Kebab
National dish

Kebab

Marinated cubes of lamb or beef grilled on skewers.

How to make Shish kebab

Staples

  • wheat
  • lamb
  • yogurt
  • eggplant
  • bulgur
  • lentils
  • olive oil
  • white cheese
  • tomato
  • pepper

Signature flavors

  • Aleppo pepper
  • mint
  • sumac
  • cumin
  • paprika
  • dill
  • allspice
  • pomegranate molasses

Main dishes

Shish kebab
Shish kebab

Marinated cubes of lamb or beef grilled on skewers.

Key ingredients: lamb, onion, pepper, yogurt, paprikaFull guide →
Doner kebab
Doner kebab

Layers of seasoned meat roasted on a vertical spit and shaved thin.

Key ingredients: lamb or beef, yogurt, spices, flatbreadFull guide →
Adana kebab
Adana kebab

Hand-chopped spicy minced lamb pressed on wide skewers.

Key ingredients: ground lamb, tail fat, red pepper, salt
Iskender kebab
Iskender kebab

Sliced doner over bread with tomato sauce, butter and yogurt.

Key ingredients: doner, pide bread, tomato sauce, yogurt, butter
Manti
Manti

Tiny meat dumplings in garlic yogurt with paprika butter.

Key ingredients: dough, ground meat, yogurt, garlic, butterFull guide →
Dolma
Dolma

Stuffed grape leaves, peppers or tomatoes with spiced rice.

Key ingredients: rice, onion, herbs, pine nuts, currantsFull guide →
Kofte
Kofte

Grilled or pan-fried seasoned meatballs, a staple of home cooking.

Key ingredients: ground meat, onion, parsley, cumin
Imam bayildi
Imam bayildi

Eggplant stuffed with onions, tomatoes and garlic and cooked in olive oil.

Key ingredients: eggplant, onion, tomato, garlic, olive oil
Karniyarik
Karniyarik

Eggplant split and stuffed with spiced minced meat and baked.

Key ingredients: eggplant, ground meat, onion, tomato
Hunkar begendi
Hunkar begendi

Tender lamb stew on a smoky, creamy eggplant puree.

Key ingredients: lamb, eggplant, milk, butter, tomato
Kuru fasulye
Kuru fasulye

Slow-cooked white beans in tomato and pepper sauce, served with rice.

Key ingredients: white beans, onion, tomato paste, butter
Hamsi

Black Sea anchovies fried or baked with cornmeal.

Key ingredients: anchovies, cornmeal, lemon
Balik ekmek
Balik ekmek

Grilled mackerel in bread with onion and salad, served by the Bosphorus.

Key ingredients: mackerel, bread, onion, lettuce, lemon
Pilav
Pilav

Buttery rice or bulgur, the usual side for stews and grills.

Key ingredients: rice, butter, orzo
Testi kebab

Meat and vegetables slow-cooked in a sealed clay jug.

Key ingredients: lamb or chicken, onion, tomato, pepper

Breakfast

Turkish breakfast (kahvalti)
Turkish breakfast (kahvalti)

A spread of cheeses, olives, tomatoes, eggs, jam, honey and bread.

Key ingredients: cheese, olives, tomatoes, eggs, jam, breadFull guide →
Menemen
Menemen

Eggs scrambled with tomatoes and green peppers.

Key ingredients: eggs, tomato, green pepper, butterFull guide →
Simit
Simit

Sesame-crusted bread rings, a street breakfast.

Key ingredients: flour, sesame, grape molassesFull guide →
Sucuklu yumurta
Sucuklu yumurta

Eggs fried with slices of spiced beef sausage.

Key ingredients: eggs, sucuk
Kaymak with honey
Kaymak with honey

Thick clotted cream spread on bread with honey.

Key ingredients: kaymak, honey, bread
Borek
Borek

Flaky layered pastry filled with cheese, spinach or meat.

Key ingredients: yufka, feta, spinach, egg

Street food

Lahmacun
Lahmacun

Thin dough topped with spicy minced meat, rolled with herbs.

Key ingredients: dough, ground meat, tomato, pepperFull guide →
Pide

Boat-shaped baked flatbread with cheese, meat or egg.

Key ingredients: dough, cheese, ground meat, eggFull guide →
Kokorec
Kokorec

Seasoned lamb offal grilled on a spit and chopped into bread.

Key ingredients: lamb, oregano, pepper, bread
Midye dolma
Midye dolma

Mussels stuffed with spiced rice, eaten with lemon.

Key ingredients: mussels, rice, pine nuts, spices
Roasted chestnuts
Roasted chestnuts

Sold hot in paper cones in winter.

Key ingredients: chestnuts, salt
Gozleme
Gozleme

Hand-rolled flatbread filled with cheese, spinach or potato.

Key ingredients: dough, feta, spinach, butter
Kumpir
Kumpir

A huge baked potato loaded with cheese and toppings.

Key ingredients: potato, butter, cheese, pickles

Soups

Lentil soup (mercimek corbasi)
Lentil soup (mercimek corbasi)

A smooth red lentil soup with lemon and paprika butter.

Key ingredients: red lentils, onion, carrot, butterFull guide →
Ezogelin soup
Ezogelin soup

Red lentil, bulgur and rice soup with mint.

Key ingredients: red lentils, bulgur, rice, mint
Tarhana soup
Tarhana soup

Fermented yogurt and grain soup, sour and hearty.

Key ingredients: tarhana, butter, tomato paste
Yayla soup
Yayla soup

A creamy yogurt and rice soup with mint.

Key ingredients: yogurt, rice, mint, butter
Iskembe soup
Iskembe soup

A rich tripe soup served with garlic and vinegar.

Key ingredients: tripe, garlic, vinegar, butter

Salads

Shepherd's salad
Shepherd's salad

Diced tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers with olive oil.

Key ingredients: tomato, cucumber, pepper, onion, parsley
Gavurdagi salad

A walnut and pomegranate molasses tomato salad from Gaziantep.

Key ingredients: tomato, walnut, onion, pomegranate molasses
Piyaz
Piyaz

White bean and onion salad with parsley and sumac.

Key ingredients: white beans, onion, parsley, sumac
Haydari
Haydari

Thick garlicky yogurt dip with dill and mint.

Key ingredients: strained yogurt, garlic, dill, mint
Cacik
Cacik

Yogurt with cucumber, garlic and mint.

Key ingredients: yogurt, cucumber, garlic, mint

Breads

Lavash
Lavash

Thin bread baked in a clay oven.

Key ingredients: flour, water, saltFull guide →
Yufka
Yufka

Paper-thin dough for wraps and pastries.

Key ingredients: flour, water, salt

Desserts and sweets

Baklava
Baklava

Layered phyllo with pistachio or walnut and syrup.

Key ingredients: phyllo, pistachios, butter, syrupFull guide →
Turkish delight
Turkish delight

Soft cubes of jelly with rose, lemon or nuts.

Key ingredients: sugar, starch, rose water, pistachiosFull guide →
Kunefe
Kunefe

Hot shredded pastry with stretchy cheese and syrup.

Key ingredients: kadayif, cheese, syrup, pistachiosFull guide →
Sutlac
Sutlac

Baked rice pudding with a caramelized top.

Key ingredients: rice, milk, sugar
Halva
Halva

Semolina or sesame confection, served warm or in slices.

Key ingredients: semolina, butter, sugar, pine nutsFull guide →
Lokma
Lokma

Syrup-soaked fried dough balls.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast, syrup

Drinks

Turkish tea (cay)
Turkish tea (cay)

Strong black tea in tulip glasses, offered all day.

Key ingredients: black tea, sugar cubes
Turkish coffee
Turkish coffee

Finely ground coffee boiled in a cezve and served unfiltered.

Key ingredients: coffee, water, sugarFull guide →
Ayran
Ayran

Salted yogurt drink, the usual partner to kebabs.

Key ingredients: yogurt, water, saltFull guide →
Salep
Salep

A hot, thick milk drink with orchid root, dusted with cinnamon.

Key ingredients: milk, salep, sugar, cinnamonFull guide →
Salgam
Salgam

Tangy purple carrot and turnip juice from Adana.

Key ingredients: purple carrot, turnip, bulgur, salt

Fruits and produce

Figs
Figs

Aegean figs from Aydin, fresh and dried.

Key ingredients: fresh, dried, jamFull guide →
Apricots
Apricots

Sweet apricots from Malatya, famous worldwide.

Key ingredients: fresh, dried, jamFull guide →
Hazelnuts
Hazelnuts

Black Sea nuts that supply much of the world.

Key ingredients: baklava, chocolate, snacks
Pistachios
Pistachios

Bright green Antep pistachios for baklava.

Key ingredients: baklava, kunefe, snacks
Pomegranate
Pomegranate

Sweet and tart, juiced and used in salads.

Key ingredients: juice, salad, molasses
Sour cherries
Sour cherries

Tart cherries for juice, jam and desserts.

Key ingredients: juice, jam, pastries
Quince
Quince

Poached with sugar and cloves into a fragrant dessert.

Key ingredients: poached, jam, stuffed
Watermelon
Watermelon

Summer melons from Diyarbakir, eaten with white cheese.

Key ingredients: chilled, with cheeseFull guide →
Black Sea cherries
Black Sea cherries

Sweet red cherries of the Giresun region.

Key ingredients: fresh, jam

Dish guides from Türkiye

Explore Türkiye on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Western Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Şiş kebap and pilav: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Doner Kebap in Hanoi: Dragfyre, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Adana kebab: Anatolianpride, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • İskender Kebap: Garrett Ziegler, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kayseride bir restoranda Kayseri mantısı (cropped): Kızılkum, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Speca te mbushura me mish: Violetamyftari, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Koofteh tabrizi: Fabienkhan, CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • İmam bayıldı AvL: AlexanderVanLoon, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Meal in Turkey: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Hünkarbeğendi: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kuru Fasulye..: Miansari66, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fish sandwich, Istanbul, Turkey: User: (WT-shared) Shoestring at wts wikivoyage, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Afghan Palo: Jost Wagner, CC BY-SA 1.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • TurkishBreakfastAtCesme: MustafaERTAN, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Menemen in a sahan: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Simit-2x: Unknown, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sucuk-1: Rainer Zenz, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kaymak in Turkey: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Burek trokut 1: Unknown, CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Lahmacun: No machine-readable author provided. Rainer Zenz assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kokoreç: Ankara, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Midye dolma (6): Fenerli1978, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Châtaignier 120807 1: Vassil, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Gözleme: Maderibeyza, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kumpir - Turkish Cuisine: Mervat Salman, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • EgFoodLentilSoup: Roland Unger, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ezogelin soup, bread, and water: Matt Krause from Istanbul, Turkey, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Two kinds of tarhana: Badseed, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yayla çorbası: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tripe soup from Turkey: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bira ve çoban salata: Atacameño, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Piyaz 01: Chapultepec, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Meze ve katıklı ekmek: E4024, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cacik-1: Rainer Zenz, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pan armenio en el mercado de Yerevan: Wiquijote, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yufka: Maderibeyza, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baklava(1): Sakaman, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • TurkishDelightDisplay: Quick fix, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Künefe: elif ayse, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mhallabiyyeh (Arabic milk pudding): Jktab, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Orient sweets (special halva) Samarkand, Siyab: Shuhrenataxmedov, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sam'dan lokma tatlisi: elif ayse, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Turkish tea2: henribergius, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Türk Kahvesi - Bakir Cezve: Eaeeae, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fresh ayran: Mavigogun, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Salep drink: DesignbyNur, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yeni3: Anatolianpride, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ficus carica L, 1771: Trew, C.J, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Apricot jam: Rita, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) - whole with kernels: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pistachio vera: THOR, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomegranate Juice (2019): Augustus Binu : flickr, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Prunus cerasus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-113: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pancrace Bessa00: Pancrace Bessa, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Taiwan 2009 Tainan City Organic Farm Watermelon FRD 7962: Fred Hsu (Wikipedia:User:Fred Hsu on en.wikipedia), CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cherry season (48216568227): spurekar, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)