Food of Lebanon

Lebanese cooking is famous for its mezze tables, with dozens of small plates of herbs, legumes, olive oil and lemon. Fresh vegetables, grilled meats, garlic and good bread form the backbone, while mountain villages add bulgur dishes and the coast adds seafood. Meals are social and unhurried, built around sharing, and sweets are fragrant with rose and orange blossom water.

Kibbeh
National dish

Kibbeh

Bulgur and ground meat shells stuffed with spiced meat and pine nuts, fried or baked.

How to make Kibbeh

Staples

  • bulgur
  • chickpeas
  • lamb
  • chicken
  • olive oil
  • tahini
  • yogurt
  • pita
  • eggplant
  • parsley

Signature flavors

  • lemon
  • garlic
  • sumac
  • za'atar
  • mint
  • allspice
  • rose water
  • pomegranate molasses

Main dishes

Kibbeh
Kibbeh

Bulgur and ground meat shells stuffed with spiced meat and pine nuts, fried or baked.

Key ingredients: bulgur, lamb, pine nuts, onion, allspiceFull guide →
Mujaddara
Mujaddara

Lentils and rice topped with deeply caramelized onions.

Key ingredients: lentils, rice, onion, cumin, olive oilFull guide →
Shish taouk
Shish taouk

Yogurt and garlic-marinated chicken skewers grilled over charcoal.

Key ingredients: chicken, yogurt, garlic, lemon, paprikaFull guide →
Kafta bil sanieh
Kafta bil sanieh

Spiced ground meat baked with potatoes and tomatoes in a tray.

Key ingredients: ground lamb, onion, parsley, potato, tomato
Sayadieh
Sayadieh

Coastal rice with fish cooked in cumin-scented onion broth.

Key ingredients: white fish, rice, onions, cumin, pine nuts
Fasolia

A stew of white beans or green beans in tomato sauce, served over rice.

Key ingredients: beans, tomato, onion, garlic, olive oil
Warak enab
Warak enab

Grape leaves rolled around rice, tomato and herbs and simmered with lemon.

Key ingredients: grape leaves, rice, tomato, parsley, lemon
Kousa mahshi
Kousa mahshi

Hollowed zucchini stuffed with rice and meat and cooked in tomato sauce.

Key ingredients: zucchini, rice, ground meat, tomato, mint
Lahm bi ajeen

A thin pie topped with spiced minced meat, tomato and pepper.

Key ingredients: dough, ground meat, tomato, onion, pomegranate molasses
Fatteh
Fatteh

Crisp bread layered with chickpeas, garlicky yogurt and pine nuts.

Key ingredients: pita, chickpeas, yogurt, tahini, pine nutsFull guide →
Samke harra

Baked fish topped with a spicy tahini, cilantro and chili sauce.

Key ingredients: white fish, tahini, cilantro, chili, walnuts
Lamb with freekeh
Lamb with freekeh

Smoky green wheat cooked with lamb and warm spices.

Key ingredients: freekeh, lamb, onion, allspice, butter

Breakfast

Manakish
Manakish

Soft baked flatbreads topped with za'atar, cheese or meat.

Key ingredients: dough, za'atar, olive oil, cheeseFull guide →
Labneh with olive oil
Labneh with olive oil

Thick strained yogurt spread drizzled with olive oil and mint.

Key ingredients: strained yogurt, olive oil, mint, olives
Fatteh bi hummus
Fatteh bi hummus

A warm breakfast of chickpeas, yogurt and crisp bread.

Key ingredients: chickpeas, yogurt, bread, pine nuts
Ful medames
Ful medames

Warm fava beans dressed with lemon, olive oil and garlic.

Key ingredients: fava beans, lemon, garlic, olive oilFull guide →
Eggs with sumac
Eggs with sumac

Eggs fried in olive oil and sprinkled with sumac, served with bread.

Key ingredients: eggs, olive oil, sumac, bread

Street food

Falafel
Falafel

Crisp chickpea fritters in pita with tahini sauce and pickles.

Key ingredients: chickpeas, parsley, cumin, tahiniFull guide →
Shawarma
Shawarma

Marinated meat shaved from a spit into pita with garlic sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken or beef, garlic sauce, pickles, pitaFull guide →
Manoushe
Manoushe

A street bakery classic of thyme, olive oil and sesame on warm bread.

Key ingredients: dough, za'atar, olive oil
Kaak
Kaak

Sesame bread rings sold by street vendors, often stuffed with cheese.

Key ingredients: dough, sesame seeds, cheese, za'atar
Sfeeha
Sfeeha

Small open-faced pies of lamb, tomato and pine nuts.

Key ingredients: dough, ground lamb, tomato, pine nuts

Soups

Shorbet adas
Shorbet adas

Red lentil soup with lemon and cumin.

Key ingredients: red lentils, onion, cumin, lemon
Moghrabieh
Moghrabieh

Large couscous pearls simmered with chicken and chickpeas in broth.

Key ingredients: moghrabieh pearls, chicken, chickpeas, caraway, onion
Shishbarak
Shishbarak

Small meat-filled dumplings cooked in warm garlicky yogurt.

Key ingredients: dough, ground meat, yogurt, garlic, mint

Salads

Tabbouleh
Tabbouleh

The parsley salad with tomatoes, mint and a little bulgur.

Key ingredients: parsley, tomato, mint, bulgur, lemonFull guide →
Fattoush
Fattoush

Crisp pita salad with sumac and pomegranate molasses.

Key ingredients: lettuce, tomato, cucumber, pita, sumacFull guide →
Baba ghanoush
Baba ghanoush

Smoky mashed eggplant dip with tahini and lemon.

Key ingredients: eggplant, tahini, lemon, garlicFull guide →
Hummus
Hummus

Creamy chickpea and tahini spread with olive oil.

Key ingredients: chickpeas, tahini, lemon, garlicFull guide →
Muhammara
Muhammara

A dip of roasted red peppers, walnuts and pomegranate molasses.

Key ingredients: red peppers, walnuts, breadcrumbs, pomegranate molasses
Labneh and cucumber
Labneh and cucumber

Cool cucumber with yogurt, mint and garlic.

Key ingredients: cucumber, yogurt, mint, garlic

Breads

Pita
Pita

Soft pocket bread served with every meal.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast, water
Markook
Markook

Paper-thin bread baked on a domed griddle.

Key ingredients: flour, water, salt

Desserts and sweets

Kunafa
Kunafa

Cheese-filled shredded pastry in orange blossom syrup.

Key ingredients: kataifi, cheese, syrup, pistachiosFull guide →
Maamoul
Maamoul

Date, walnut and pistachio filled shortbread cookies.

Key ingredients: semolina, butter, dates, pistachiosFull guide →
Baklava
Baklava

Layers of phyllo with nuts and syrup.

Key ingredients: phyllo, pistachios, butter, syrupFull guide →
Ashta with honey

A thick, lightly sweet cream pudding served with honey and pistachios.

Key ingredients: cream, milk, honey, pistachios
Layali Lubnan
Layali Lubnan

A semolina pudding topped with cream and syrup.

Key ingredients: semolina, milk, cream, pistachios, syrup
Sfouf

A turmeric-colored semolina cake with almonds and pine nuts.

Key ingredients: semolina, turmeric, sugar, pine nuts
Halawet el jibn
Halawet el jibn

Sweet cheese rolls filled with cream.

Key ingredients: semolina, cheese, sugar syrup, cream

Drinks

Limonana
Limonana

Fresh lemon and mint blended with ice.

Key ingredients: lemon, mint, sugar, ice
Jallab
Jallab

Date and grape syrup drink with pine nuts and raisins.

Key ingredients: date molasses, rose water, pine nuts, raisinsFull guide →
Ayran
Ayran

A cool, salty yogurt drink.

Key ingredients: yogurt, water, saltFull guide →
White coffee
White coffee

A hot drink of orange blossom water and hot water, served after meals.

Key ingredients: orange blossom water, hot water, sugar
Lebanese coffee
Lebanese coffee

Fine ground coffee with cardamom, simmered in a small pot.

Key ingredients: coffee, cardamom, sugar
Tamarind juice
Tamarind juice

A tangy, sweet chilled drink.

Key ingredients: tamarind, sugar, water

Fruits and produce

Figs
Figs

Sweet mountain figs eaten fresh and dried.

Key ingredients: fresh, jam, with cheeseFull guide →
Loquats
Loquats

Small orange spring fruits popular in the coastal areas.

Key ingredients: fresh, jam
Pomegranates
Pomegranates

Tart-sweet seeds used in salads and molasses.

Key ingredients: juice, fattoush, molasses
Apricots
Apricots

Sweet summer apricots, fresh and dried.

Key ingredients: fresh, dried, jamFull guide →
Lebanese olives
Lebanese olives

Green and black olives pressed into prized oil.

Key ingredients: oil, table olives, mezze
Citrus
Citrus

Oranges, lemons and mandarins grown along the coast.

Key ingredients: juice, zest, flower water
Grapes
Grapes

Sweet table grapes, raisins and grape molasses (dibs).

Key ingredients: fresh, molasses, raisins

Dish guides from Lebanon

Explore Lebanon on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Western Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Kibbeh3: Bazel, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mujaddara: Bazel, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tavuk Şiş: Garrett Ziegler, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Koofteh tabrizi: Fabienkhan, CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fish Sayadieh: young shanahan, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Speca te mbushura me mish: Violetamyftari, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kousa Mahshi: Bazel, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • فتّة باللوز و السّمن: Eaeeae, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Freekeh (uncooked): Wribln, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Zaatar Mankousheh: Elie.ghob, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Labneh01: No machine-readable author provided. Omernos~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ful medames: Zachbe at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fried Egg 2: Matthew Murdoch, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Falafels 2: Popo le Chien, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shawarma 2: Vis M, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Arabkaak: Nsaum75, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sfiha2: Bazel, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • EgFoodLentilSoup: Roland Unger, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Moroccan cuscus, from Casablanca, September 2018: Lmmima, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Düşbərə yarımfabrikatı 1: Sefer azeri, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tabouleh 1: Miansari66, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fattoush mixed-salad: Arousing Appetites, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baba Ganoush 05of05 (8735238183): Breville USA, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Lebanese style hummus: Beyrouthhh at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tanoreen muhammara: Krista, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pita Bread: Azure Dragon of the East, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yufka ekmek: Adem Durdu, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Künefe: elif ayse, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mamoul biscotti libanesi: fugzu, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baklava(1): Sakaman, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • לילות בירות: Saarahr, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • حلاوة الجبن الحموية: Mahmood ALsalama, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Lemon & Mint: Mervat, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Jallab: Adam Jung, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fresh ayran: Mavigogun, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Coffee cup: Virginiambe, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Türk Kahvesi - Bakir Cezve: Eaeeae, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tamarindus indica pods: B.navez, CC BY 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ficus carica L, 1771: Trew, C.J, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Loquat-0: Aftabbanoori, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomegranate Juice (2019): Augustus Binu : flickr, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Apricot jam: Rita, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Olivesfromjordan: en:User:Nickfraser, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • OrangeBloss wb: Ellen Levy Finch (Elf), CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Grapes, Rostov-on-Don, Russia: Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)