Food of Syria

Syrian cooking is among the richest of the Levant, with kibbeh, stuffed vegetables, kebabs, pastries and fragrant stews. Aleppo is known for Aleppo pepper and dishes with sour cherry, pistachio and pomegranate, while Damascus is famed for its sweets and fresh bread. Meals are generous and shared, starting with many small mezze dishes.

Kibbeh
National dish

Kibbeh

Bulgur and meat shells stuffed with spiced lamb and pine nuts.

How to make Kibbeh

Staples

  • bulgur
  • lamb
  • chickpeas
  • eggplant
  • rice
  • yogurt
  • olive oil
  • pistachios

Signature flavors

  • Aleppo pepper
  • allspice
  • sumac
  • pomegranate molasses
  • mint
  • cinnamon
  • cumin

Main dishes

Kibbeh
Kibbeh

Bulgur and meat shells stuffed with spiced lamb and pine nuts.

Key ingredients: bulgur, lamb, pine nuts, onion, allspiceFull guide →
Kebab karaz

Aleppo meatballs simmered in a tart sour cherry sauce.

Key ingredients: ground lamb, sour cherries, pine nuts
Mujaddara
Mujaddara

Lentils and rice topped with onions.

Key ingredients: lentils, rice, onion, cuminFull guide →
Maqluba
Maqluba

Upside-down rice with eggplant, cauliflower and meat.

Key ingredients: rice, eggplant, chickenFull guide →
Shish barak
Shish barak

Small meat-filled dumplings in warm garlicky yogurt.

Key ingredients: dough, ground meat, yogurt, garlic
Mahshi
Mahshi

Zucchini and grape leaves stuffed with rice and meat in tomato sauce.

Key ingredients: zucchini, rice, lamb, tomato
Yalanji
Yalanji

Meatless stuffed vine leaves with rice, tomato and lemon.

Key ingredients: grape leaves, rice, lemon, olive oilFull guide →
Shish taouk
Shish taouk

Grilled marinated chicken skewers.

Key ingredients: chicken, yogurt, garlic, lemonFull guide →

Breakfast

Foul
Foul

Warm fava beans with tahini, lemon and olive oil.

Key ingredients: fava beans, tahini, lemonFull guide →
Manakish
Manakish

Baked flatbreads with za'atar, cheese or meat.

Key ingredients: dough, za'atar, cheeseFull guide →
Labneh
Labneh

Thick strained yogurt with olive oil and mint.

Key ingredients: yogurt, olive oil, mint
Fatteh
Fatteh

Crisp bread layered with chickpeas, yogurt and spiced butter.

Key ingredients: bread, chickpeas, yogurt, pine nutsFull guide →

Street food

Falafel
Falafel

Fried chickpea fritters in bread.

Key ingredients: chickpeas, parsley, tahiniFull guide →
Shawarma
Shawarma

Spit-roasted meat with pickles and sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken or lamb, pickles, garlic sauceFull guide →

Soups

Lentil soup
Lentil soup

A hearty red lentil soup.

Key ingredients: red lentils, onion, cumin
Freekeh soup
Freekeh soup

A smoky roasted wheat and chicken soup.

Key ingredients: freekeh, chicken, onion

Salads

Tabbouleh
Tabbouleh

The classic parsley and bulgur salad.

Key ingredients: parsley, tomato, bulgurFull guide →
Fattoush
Fattoush

Pita bread salad with sumac.

Key ingredients: pita, sumac, tomatoFull guide →
Baba ghanoush
Baba ghanoush

Smoky eggplant dip.

Key ingredients: eggplant, tahini, lemonFull guide →
Muhammara
Muhammara

Aleppo red pepper and walnut dip.

Key ingredients: red peppers, walnuts, pomegranate molasses

Breads

Khubz arabi
Khubz arabi

Soft Syrian flatbread.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast
Ka'ak
Ka'ak

Sesame bread rings.

Key ingredients: flour, sesame

Desserts and sweets

Baklava
Baklava

Syrian pistachio baklava, light and crisp.

Key ingredients: pistachios, phyllo, syrupFull guide →
Kunafa
Kunafa

Cheese pastry in syrup.

Key ingredients: kataifi, cheese, syrupFull guide →
Maamoul
Maamoul

Date and nut shortbread cookies.

Key ingredients: semolina, datesFull guide →
Halawet el jibn
Halawet el jibn

Sweet cheese rolls with cream.

Key ingredients: cheese, semolina, cream
Nammoura
Nammoura

Semolina cake soaked in syrup.

Key ingredients: semolina, syrupFull guide →
Muhallabia
Muhallabia

Silky milk pudding with rose water.

Key ingredients: milk, cornstarch, rose water

Drinks

Jallab
Jallab

Date molasses and rose water drink.

Key ingredients: molasses, rose water, pine nutsFull guide →
Arabic coffee
Arabic coffee

Cardamom coffee.

Key ingredients: coffee, cardamomFull guide →
Tamarind juice
Tamarind juice

Chilled sweet-sour juice.

Key ingredients: tamarind, sugar

Fruits and produce

Aleppo pistachios
Aleppo pistachios

Prized green nuts used in sweets.

Key ingredients: baklava, ice cream
Damascus apricots
Damascus apricots

Sweet apricots dried into amardeen sheets and jam.

Key ingredients: dried, jamFull guide →
Sour cherries
Sour cherries

Tart cherries for kebab karaz and jam.

Key ingredients: kebab karaz, jam
Figs
Figs

Fresh and dried.

Key ingredients: fresh, driedFull guide →
Pomegranate
Pomegranate

Used for juice and molasses.

Key ingredients: juice, molasses
Olives
Olives

Olives and oil from Idlib.

Key ingredients: oil, table olives
Grapes
Grapes

Fresh grapes and raisins.

Key ingredients: fresh, raisins

Dish guides from Syria

Explore Syria on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Western Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Kibbeh3: Bazel, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mujaddara: Bazel, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Makluba: Arafataslan, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Düşbərə yarımfabrikatı 1: Sefer azeri, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Speca te mbushura me mish: Violetamyftari, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tavuk Şiş: Garrett Ziegler, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ful medames: Zachbe at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Zaatar Mankousheh: Elie.ghob, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Labneh01: No machine-readable author provided. Omernos~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • فتّة باللوز و السّمن: Eaeeae, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Falafels 2: Popo le Chien, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shawarma 2: Vis M, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • EgFoodLentilSoup: Roland Unger, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Freekeh (uncooked): Wribln, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tabouleh 1: Miansari66, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fattoush mixed-salad: Arousing Appetites, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baba Ganoush 05of05 (8735238183): Breville USA, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tanoreen muhammara: Krista, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pita Bread: Azure Dragon of the East, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Arabkaak: Nsaum75, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baklava(1): Sakaman, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Künefe: elif ayse, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mamoul biscotti libanesi: fugzu, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • حلاوة الجبن الحموية: Mahmood ALsalama, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Basboosa: stu_spivack, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mhallabiyyeh (Arabic milk pudding): Jktab, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Jallab: Adam Jung, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • A dallah a traditional Arabic coffee pot with cups and coffee beans: Canbel, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tamarindus indica pods: B.navez, CC BY 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pistachio vera: THOR, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Apricot jam: Rita, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Prunus cerasus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-113: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ficus carica L, 1771: Trew, C.J, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomegranate Juice (2019): Augustus Binu : flickr, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Olivesfromjordan: en:User:Nickfraser, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Grapes, Rostov-on-Don, Russia: Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)