Food of Saudi Arabia

Saudi cooking is built on rice, lamb, chicken, wheat and dates, seasoned with cardamom, saffron, dried lime and baharat spice blends. Each region has its own character, from the grain dishes of Najd to the seafood of the Red Sea coast and the spiced breads of the Hejaz. Meals are generous and communal, with big platters of rice and meat set in the middle of the table and shared by hand, while Arabic coffee and dates greet every guest.

Kabsa
National dish

Kabsa

Spiced rice cooked in a rich tomato broth with chicken or lamb, heaped on a platter with toasted nuts and raisins.

How to make Kabsa

Staples

  • rice
  • lamb
  • chicken
  • dates
  • wheat
  • flatbread
  • yogurt
  • ghee
  • chickpeas
  • fish

Signature flavors

  • cardamom
  • saffron
  • dried lime
  • baharat
  • cinnamon
  • cloves
  • rose water
  • cumin

Main dishes

Kabsa
Kabsa

Spiced rice cooked in a rich tomato broth with chicken or lamb, heaped on a platter with toasted nuts and raisins.

Key ingredients: basmati rice, chicken or lamb, baharat spice mix, tomato, dried lime, onionFull guide →
Mandi
Mandi

Tender meat slow-cooked until falling apart and served over smoky, lightly spiced rice.

Key ingredients: lamb or chicken, basmati rice, ghee, mandi spices, raisins, almondsFull guide →
Madfoon

Meat and rice cooked in a sealed pot, traditionally buried in a pit with hot coals for a deep smoky flavor.

Key ingredients: lamb, rice, baharat, onion, dried lime, ghee
Jareesh

A creamy porridge of crushed wheat cooked with yogurt or broth and topped with fried onions.

Key ingredients: crushed wheat, yogurt, lamb or chicken, onion, ghee, cuminFull guide →
Harees
Harees

Wheat and meat simmered for hours and beaten into a silky, stretchy porridge finished with ghee.

Key ingredients: cracked wheat, lamb or chicken, ghee, cinnamon, saltFull guide →
Saleeg
Saleeg

The Hejazi dish of rice cooked in milk and broth until creamy, served under roasted chicken.

Key ingredients: short-grain rice, milk, chicken, butter, cardamom, white pepperFull guide →
Margoog

A thick stew of lamb or chicken and vegetables in tomato sauce, layered with thin pieces of wheat dough.

Key ingredients: lamb, thin wheat dough, zucchini, tomato, onion, carrot
Mabshoor

A hearty Hejazi lunch of cooked rice with spiced meat and tomato sauce.

Key ingredients: rice, lamb, tomato, onion, cumin, coriander
Mutabbaq
Mutabbaq

A folded, stuffed griddle pastry filled with spiced minced meat, egg and herbs.

Key ingredients: thin dough, ground meat, eggs, onion, parsleyFull guide →
Madghout

A rice and lamb pressed dish from the Hejaz, cooked with tomatoes and spices.

Key ingredients: rice, lamb, tomato, onion, baharat
Samak mashwi

Whole fish rubbed with spices and grilled over coals on the Red Sea coast, served with rice.

Key ingredients: whole fish, lemon, cumin, garlic, rice
Shakshuka
Shakshuka

Eggs poached in a spiced tomato and pepper sauce, a favorite brunch dish.

Key ingredients: eggs, tomato, bell pepper, onion, cuminFull guide →
Hanith

Slow-roasted lamb that falls from the bone, served over rice with a smoky aroma.

Key ingredients: lamb, rice, cardamom, cinnamon, salt

Breakfast

Ful medames
Ful medames

Warm fava beans mashed with oil, lemon and cumin and served with flatbread for breakfast.

Key ingredients: fava beans, olive oil, lemon, cumin, garlicFull guide →
Masoub
Masoub

A Hejazi breakfast of mashed banana and bread with honey, ghee and cream.

Key ingredients: banana, bread, honey, cream, ghee
Hais

A sticky mixture of dates, ghee and flour or bread, shaped into balls for breakfast or travel.

Key ingredients: dates, ghee, flour, nuts

Street food

Samboosa
Samboosa

Crispy fried triangular pastries filled with spiced meat, cheese or vegetables.

Key ingredients: thin dough, ground beef, onion, cheese, spices
Shawarma
Shawarma

Marinated meat roasted on a spit and wrapped in bread with pickles and garlic sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken or beef, bread, garlic sauce, pickles, tomatoFull guide →
Falafel
Falafel

Crisp fried chickpea fritters tucked into bread with tahini and salad.

Key ingredients: chickpeas, herbs, cumin, garlic, tahiniFull guide →
Fatayer
Fatayer

Baked pastries filled with cheese, spinach or minced meat.

Key ingredients: dough, cheese, spinach, ground meat, onion
Corn on the cob
Corn on the cob

Grilled or boiled corn sold on the streets, seasoned with salt and lime.

Key ingredients: corn, salt, lime, butter

Soups

Shorbat adas
Shorbat adas

A warming soup of red lentils with cumin and lemon.

Key ingredients: red lentils, onion, carrot, cumin, lemon
Shorbat freekeh
Shorbat freekeh

Smoky green wheat simmered with chicken and vegetables.

Key ingredients: freekeh, chicken, onion, carrot, tomato
Marak

A light vegetable and meat broth served as a starter for large meals.

Key ingredients: lamb, carrot, potato, tomato, zucchini
Aseeda soup

A savory broth thickened with wheat and served in cold weather.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, broth, ghee, onion

Salads

Fattoush
Fattoush

Chopped vegetables with crisp pita bread and a sumac and lemon dressing.

Key ingredients: lettuce, tomato, cucumber, pita, sumac, mintFull guide →
Tabbouleh
Tabbouleh

A fresh parsley salad with tomatoes, mint and a little bulgur.

Key ingredients: parsley, tomato, mint, bulgur, lemonFull guide →
Jarjeer salad
Jarjeer salad

A peppery arugula salad with lemon and olive oil, served alongside grilled meats.

Key ingredients: arugula, lemon, olive oil, tomato, salt
Tomato and cucumber salad
Tomato and cucumber salad

A simple, juicy chopped salad served beside rice dishes.

Key ingredients: tomato, cucumber, onion, lemon, parsley

Breads

Khubz tannour
Khubz tannour

Flatbread baked against the walls of a clay oven, soft with a slightly charred crust.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, water, yeast, salt
Tamees

A thick, round, flat bread baked in a clay oven, popular for breakfast.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, yeast, water, salt
Kimaj

Soft, thick round bread eaten with stews and soups.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, yeast, water
Saj bread
Saj bread

Thin bread cooked on a domed metal griddle.

Key ingredients: flour, water, salt

Desserts and sweets

Kunafa
Kunafa

Crisp shredded pastry with melted cheese, soaked in syrup.

Key ingredients: kataifi, cheese, sugar syrup, pistachiosFull guide →
Luqaimat
Luqaimat

Golden fried dough balls drizzled with date syrup.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast, cardamom, date syrup, sesameFull guide →
Basbousa
Basbousa

Moist semolina cake soaked in sweet syrup.

Key ingredients: semolina, yogurt, coconut, syrup, almondsFull guide →
Maamoul
Maamoul

Buttery semolina cookies filled with dates or nuts.

Key ingredients: semolina, butter, dates, pistachiosFull guide →
Muhallabia
Muhallabia

A silky milk pudding scented with rose water and topped with pistachios.

Key ingredients: milk, cornstarch, sugar, rose water, pistachios
Aseedah
Aseedah

A soft dough of wheat flour and ghee, eaten with date syrup or honey.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, ghee, date syrup, honey
Qursan

A thin bread broken into a stew of meat and vegetables, also made as a sweet version.

Key ingredients: thin bread, lamb, vegetables, broth
Sago pudding
Sago pudding

A cool dessert of sago pearls in sweetened milk with cardamom.

Key ingredients: sago, milk, sugar, cardamom

Drinks

Arabic coffee (qahwa)
Arabic coffee (qahwa)

Lightly roasted coffee with cardamom and saffron, poured in small cups to welcome guests.

Key ingredients: coffee, cardamom, saffron, clovesFull guide →
Karak chai
Karak chai

Strong spiced tea simmered with milk and cardamom.

Key ingredients: black tea, evaporated milk, cardamom, sugarFull guide →
Laban

A cool, salty yogurt drink served with heavy meals.

Key ingredients: yogurt, water, salt, mint
Sobia
Sobia

A sweet, chilled drink of fermented bread, sugar and spices from the Hejaz.

Key ingredients: bread or oats, sugar, cardamom, cinnamon
Lemon and mint juice
Lemon and mint juice

Fresh lime juice blended with mint and ice, a cooler on hot days.

Key ingredients: lime, mint, sugar, ice
Date and milk shake
Date and milk shake

A cold drink blending soft dates with milk.

Key ingredients: dates, milk, cardamom, ice

Fruits and produce

Sukkari dates
Sukkari dates

Golden, honey-sweet dates from Qassim, soft and caramel-like.

Key ingredients: snacking, stuffed with nuts, with coffeeFull guide →
Ajwa dates
Ajwa dates

Dark, soft and mildly sweet dates from Medina.

Key ingredients: snacking, with Arabic coffee, in desserts
Khalas dates
Khalas dates

Tender, rich dates from Al-Ahsa with a deep caramel flavor.

Key ingredients: snacking, with coffee, date paste
Taif figs
Taif figs

Sweet figs grown in the western mountains.

Key ingredients: fresh, jam, with cheese
Taif pomegranates
Taif pomegranates

Ruby-red pomegranates from the western highlands.

Key ingredients: juice, salads, garnish
Prickly pear
Prickly pear

The juicy fruit of the cactus, sold in summer on roadsides.

Key ingredients: fresh, chilled, juice
Watermelon
Watermelon

A summer favorite, served cold with salty white cheese.

Key ingredients: chilled slices, juice, with cheese
Khawlani coffee beans
Khawlani coffee beans

Aromatic coffee grown in the southwestern mountains and roasted lightly.

Key ingredients: Arabic coffee, spiced with cardamom
Taif roses
Taif roses

Pink roses of Taif, used for rose water that scents sweets and drinks.

Key ingredients: rose water, desserts, drinks

Dish guides from Saudi Arabia

Explore Saudi Arabia on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Western Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Machboos (cropped): Miansari66, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mandi pit from inside: Donpapa, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Armenian Harisa: Ketone16, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • The Hijazi Saleeg: Sayom, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Murtabak: Mojackjutaily, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shakshuka by Calliopejen1: Calliopejen1, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ful medames: Zachbe at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yemeni Masoob: SharabSalam, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Samosas, snack food at Wikipedia's 16th Birthday celebration in Chittagong (01): Moheen Reeyad, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shawarma 2: Vis M, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Falafels 2: Popo le Chien, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fatayer: Joe Foodie, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Zea mays - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-283: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • EgFoodLentilSoup: Roland Unger, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Freekeh (uncooked): Wribln, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fattoush mixed-salad: Arousing Appetites, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tabouleh 1: Miansari66, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Eruca vesicaria BM010755249: Unknown authorUnknown author, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • A large mixed salad: Gatorfan252525, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Az Tandoor e-citizen: Moonsun1981, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yufka ekmek: Adem Durdu, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Künefe: elif ayse, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sam'dan lokma tatlisi: elif ayse, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Basboosa: stu_spivack, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mamoul biscotti libanesi: fugzu, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mhallabiyyeh (Arabic milk pudding): Jktab, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • عصيدة-قطيفية: Mustafa Al-Elq, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sago (Metroxylon sagu) in New Guinea: Toksave, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • A dallah a traditional Arabic coffee pot with cups and coffee beans: Canbel, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chai In Sakora: Dadhichbittu007, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Abuouf sobia: Turnopoems, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Lemonade - 27682817724: HarshLight, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Strawberry milk shake (cropped): Renee Comet (Photographer), Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dates005: Nepenthes, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ajwa Sarowar 62 doors: C0d3ripp3r, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ficus carica L, 1771: Trew, C.J, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomegranate Juice (2019): Augustus Binu : flickr, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dikenli İncir (Opuntia ficus-indica) Gaziantep Turkey.IMG 1104: YG01, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Taiwan 2009 Tainan City Organic Farm Watermelon FRD 7962: Fred Hsu (Wikipedia:User:Fred Hsu on en.wikipedia), CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Coffee Flowers: Marcelo Corrêa, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • مراسم گلابگیری در قمصر کاشان Golabgiri ("making Rosewater") - Ghamsar- Kashan- Iran 19: Mostafameraji, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)