Food of Thailand

Thai cuisine balances sweet, sour, salty, spicy, and bitter in every meal, using herbs like lemongrass, galangal, kaffir lime leaf, and Thai basil. Central Thailand is known for coconut curries and sweet-sour soups, the north for mild, herbal dishes and sticky rice, the northeast for fiery salads and grilled meats, and the south for rich, turmeric-laced curries and seafood. Meals are shared, with jasmine rice at the center and several dishes around it.

Pad thai
National dish

Pad thai

Stir-fried rice noodles with egg, tofu or shrimp, peanuts, and lime.

How to make Pad thai

Staples

  • jasmine rice, sticky rice, rice noodles, pork, chicken, seafood, coconut, vegetables

Signature flavors

  • lemongrass, galangal, kaffir lime, Thai basil, chili, fish sauce, tamarind, palm sugar

Main dishes

Green curry
Green curry

Coconut curry with green chili paste, chicken, eggplant, and basil.

Key ingredients: green curry paste, coconut milk, chicken, eggplant, basilFull guide →
Red curry
Red curry

A rich red chili coconut curry with meat, bamboo shoots, and basil.

Key ingredients: red curry paste, coconut milk, bamboo shoots, basil
Massaman curry
Massaman curry

Mild, nutty curry with potatoes, peanuts, and warm spices.

Key ingredients: massaman paste, coconut milk, potato, peanutsFull guide →
Panang curry
Panang curry

Thick, creamy curry with a sweet-salty peanut flavor and kaffir lime.

Key ingredients: panang paste, coconut cream, beef or chicken, lime leaf
Pad kra pao
Pad kra pao

Stir-fried meat with holy basil and chilies, served over rice with a fried egg.

Key ingredients: pork or chicken, holy basil, chili, garlic, fried egg
Khao pad
Khao pad

Thai fried rice with egg, tomato, onion, and a squeeze of lime.

Key ingredients: rice, egg, tomato, soy sauce
Gai yang
Gai yang

Marinated grilled chicken from the northeast, served with sticky rice and spicy dip.

Key ingredients: chicken, garlic, cilantro root, fish sauce
Pla neung manao

Steamed fish with lime, garlic, and chilies.

Key ingredients: whole fish, lime, garlic, chili, cilantro
Khao man gai
Khao man gai

Thai-style chicken rice with ginger-garlic rice and spicy dipping sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken, jasmine rice, ginger, garlic, soybean sauce
Gaeng som

Southern Thai sour and spicy fish curry with vegetables.

Key ingredients: fish, tamarind, chili paste, vegetables
Moo ping

Skewered grilled pork marinated in coconut milk and garlic, often served with sticky rice.

Key ingredients: pork, coconut milk, garlic, cilantro root

Breakfast

Jok

Thick rice porridge with ginger, pork meatballs, and a soft egg.

Key ingredients: rice, pork, ginger, egg
Khao tom

Light rice soup served with side dishes.

Key ingredients: rice, broth, pork, pickles
Pa thong ko
Pa thong ko

Golden Chinese-style fried dough sticks, dipped in soy milk or coffee.

Key ingredients: wheat dough, oil, soy milk
Kai jeow

Fluffy Thai omelet fried in hot oil and served over rice.

Key ingredients: eggs, fish sauce, oil

Street food

Pad thai
Pad thai

Stir-fried rice noodles with egg, tofu or shrimp, peanuts, and lime.

Key ingredients: rice noodles, egg, tamarind, peanutsFull guide →
Pad see ew
Pad see ew

Wide rice noodles stir-fried with soy sauce, egg, and Chinese broccoli.

Key ingredients: wide noodles, soy sauce, egg, gai lan
Satay
Satay

Grilled skewers served with peanut sauce and cucumber relish.

Key ingredients: pork or chicken, turmeric, coconut milk, peanut sauceFull guide →
Tod mun pla

Fish cakes with red curry paste, long beans, and kaffir lime leaves.

Key ingredients: fish, curry paste, long beans, lime leaf
Roti gluay

Crisp griddled flatbread with banana and condensed milk.

Key ingredients: dough, banana, condensed milk
Hoi tod

Crispy oyster or mussel pancake with egg and bean sprouts.

Key ingredients: mussels, egg, flour, sprouts
Moo satay

Pork skewers in coconut marinade with peanut dip.

Key ingredients: pork, coconut, peanut sauce

Soups

Tom yum
Tom yum

Hot-and-sour soup with lemongrass, galangal, lime leaves, and shrimp.

Key ingredients: lemongrass, galangal, shrimp, mushroomsFull guide →
Tom kha gai
Tom kha gai

Creamy coconut and galangal chicken soup.

Key ingredients: coconut milk, galangal, chickenFull guide →
Khao soi
Khao soi

Northern curry noodle soup with crispy noodles on top.

Key ingredients: egg noodles, curry paste, coconut milkFull guide →
Kuay teow

Noodle soup in a variety of broths with meatballs and herbs.

Key ingredients: rice noodles, pork, bean sprouts
Gaeng jued

Mild clear soup with tofu, minced pork, and glass noodles.

Key ingredients: tofu, pork, glass noodles

Salads

Som tam
Som tam

Green papaya salad pounded with chilies, lime, and peanuts.

Key ingredients: green papaya, chili, lime, peanutsFull guide →
Larb
Larb

Minced meat salad with lime, toasted rice, and herbs.

Key ingredients: minced pork, mint, lime, toasted riceFull guide →
Yum woon sen

Glass noodle salad with shrimp, pork, and lime-chili dressing.

Key ingredients: glass noodles, shrimp, peanuts, lime
Yam nua

Grilled beef salad with cucumber, tomato, and lime dressing.

Key ingredients: beef, cucumber, mint, chili
Yam mamuang

Green mango salad with dried shrimp, peanuts, and a sweet-tart dressing.

Key ingredients: green mango, peanuts, shallots

Desserts and sweets

Mango sticky rice
Mango sticky rice

Sweet coconut sticky rice with ripe mango.

Key ingredients: sticky rice, coconut milk, mangoFull guide →
Khanom krok
Khanom krok

Small coconut pancakes, crisp outside and creamy inside.

Key ingredients: rice flour, coconut milk, scallion
Tub tim krob
Tub tim krob

Water chestnuts in red syrup with coconut milk and ice.

Key ingredients: water chestnut, coconut milk, ice
Khao niao sangkhaya

Sticky rice with coconut custard.

Key ingredients: sticky rice, egg, coconut milk
Bua loi
Bua loi

Colorful rice-flour balls in warm sweet coconut milk.

Key ingredients: rice flour, coconut milk, taro

Drinks

Thai tea
Thai tea

Strong spiced tea sweetened with milk, served over ice.

Key ingredients: tea, condensed milk, iceFull guide →
Cha manao

Iced tea with lime and sugar.

Key ingredients: tea, lime
Nam manao

Fresh lime juice sweetened with syrup.

Key ingredients: lime, sugar, soda water
Thai iced coffee

Strong coffee with sweetened milk over ice.

Key ingredients: coffee, milk
Nam mamuang pan

Fresh mango smoothie.

Key ingredients: mango, ice
Coconut water

Fresh young coconut water drunk from the shell.

Key ingredients: young coconut

Fruits and produce

Mango
Mango

Famed Thai varieties like nam dok mai are sweet and fragrant.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, with sticky rice, green with chili saltFull guide →
Durian
Durian

Creamy and pungent, from Monthong and Chanee varieties.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, with sticky riceFull guide →
Mangosteen
Mangosteen

Sweet and floral purple-rinded fruit.

Key ingredients: eaten freshFull guide →
Rambutan
Rambutan

Red hairy fruit with juicy white flesh.

Key ingredients: eaten freshFull guide →
Lychee
Lychee

Fragrant fruit with white flesh.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, canned
Pomelo
Pomelo

Large citrus with sweet-tart segments.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in salads
Pineapple
Pineapple

Sweet and tangy, often cut with a chili-salt dip.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in curriesFull guide →
Papaya
Papaya

Ripe orange papaya or green papaya for salads.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in som tamFull guide →
Dragon fruit
Dragon fruit

Mild, refreshing fruit with speckled flesh.

Key ingredients: eaten freshFull guide →
Jackfruit
Jackfruit

Sweet yellow pods or young jackfruit used in cooking.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in dessertsFull guide →
Coconut
Coconut

Used fresh, as milk, and in sweets.

Key ingredients: milk, water, fleshFull guide →

Dish guides from Thailand

Explore Thailand on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of South-Eastern Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Thai green chicken curry and roti: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kaeng phet mu: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kaeng matsaman kai: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Panang curry (42943883862): Vee Satayamas from Bangkok, Thailand, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Basil fried crispy pork with rice - Chiang Mai - 2017-07-11 (002): Iudexvivorum, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Thaifriedrice: en:User:Jazzcello, CC BY 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Gaiyangtaladdonwai06: Heinrich Damm (User:Hdamm, Hdamm at de.wikipedia.org), CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Hainanese Chicken Rice: No machine-readable author provided. Terence assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Youtiao: Popo le Chien, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Phat Thai kung Chang Khien street stall: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pad see ew: stu_spivack, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sate Udang: Gunawan Kartapranata, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tom yam kung maenam: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Flickr preppybyday 4711943668--Tom kha gai: Evan Joshua Swigart (TheCulinaryGeek) from Chicago, Illinois, USA; hometown of Ames, Iowa, USA, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Khao Soi Northern Thai food ข้าวซอย ผักดอง: Chainwit., CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 2013 Tam Lao: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • LaoFood LarbNeua: Jpatokal, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mango sticy rice (3859549574): Dennis Wong from Hong Kong, Hong Kong, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Khanom Krok: Boonlert, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • ทับทิมกรอบ: Isriya Paireepairit from Sheffield, United Kingdom, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bualoi Boiled flour balls with coconut milk: Kapook.com, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cha yen: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mangos - single and halved: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Durian in black: مانفی, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Berthe Hoola van Nooten48: Berthe Hoola van Nooten (1817-1892), Pieter De Pannemaeker (lithographer), Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Buds on branch of rambutan tree: DXLINH, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Litchi chinensis fruits: B.navez, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomelo fruit: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • കൈതച്ചക്ക: Suniltg at Malayalam Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Carica papaya - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-029: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dragon fruit (Pitaya): Nakna06, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • The jackfruit is holding on to the tree: This work was made by Tushar Hossain and released under the license(s) stated below. Please feel free to use it for any, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cocos nucifera - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-187: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)