Food of Vietnam

Vietnamese cooking is built on balance: fresh herbs, rice and rice noodles, fish sauce, lime, and chili, with little heavy oil. The north favors subtle, savory broths, the center is famous for fiery and elegant royal-style dishes, and the south loves sweetness, coconut, and tropical fruit. Meals are shared from several dishes at once, with rice, soup, and a plate of greens and herbs on the table.

Pho
National dish

Pho

Beef or chicken noodle soup in a clear, spiced broth with fresh herbs.

How to make Pho

Staples

  • rice, rice noodles, pork, fish, shrimp, fresh herbs, coconut, banana leaf

Signature flavors

  • fish sauce, lime, lemongrass, chili, mint, cilantro, ginger, star anise

Main dishes

Bun cha
Bun cha

Grilled pork patties and slices in a sweet-sour broth with cool rice vermicelli and herbs, a Hanoi lunch favorite.

Key ingredients: ground pork, pork belly, fish sauce, rice vermicelli, herbsFull guide →
Com tam
Com tam

Broken rice served with grilled pork chop, shredded pork skin, egg meatloaf, and pickles; a Saigon favorite.

Key ingredients: broken rice, pork chop, egg, pickled vegetables, fish sauce
Bun bo Hue
Bun bo Hue

Spicy lemongrass beef noodle soup from the central city of Hue, with thick round noodles and a rich red broth.

Key ingredients: beef, lemongrass, thick rice noodles, chili, shrimp paste
Ca kho to
Ca kho to

Catfish braised in a clay pot with caramel sauce, fish sauce, and black pepper; sweet, salty, and deeply savory.

Key ingredients: catfish, caramel, fish sauce, pepper, shallot
Thit kho

Pork belly and eggs braised in coconut water and caramel sauce, a home-cooking classic.

Key ingredients: pork belly, eggs, coconut water, fish sauce
Bo luc lac
Bo luc lac

Shaking beef: cubes of beef seared in a hot wok with garlic and onion, served over lettuce and tomato.

Key ingredients: beef cubes, garlic, soy sauce, onion, watercress
Banh xeo
Banh xeo

Crispy turmeric rice-flour crepe filled with pork, shrimp, and bean sprouts, wrapped in lettuce and herbs.

Key ingredients: rice flour, coconut milk, turmeric, pork, shrimp, sprouts
Com chien

Vietnamese fried rice with egg, vegetables, and sausage or shrimp.

Key ingredients: rice, egg, carrots, peas, shrimp
Cha ca

Turmeric-marinated fish pan-fried with dill and scallions, served with vermicelli and peanuts.

Key ingredients: white fish, turmeric, dill, vermicelli, peanuts
Canh chua
Canh chua

Sweet-and-sour soup with fish, pineapple, tomato, and herbs, popular in the Mekong Delta.

Key ingredients: fish, pineapple, tomato, tamarind, herbs
Bun rieu
Bun rieu

Rice vermicelli in a tomato and crab broth with crab-egg patties.

Key ingredients: crab, tomato, vermicelli, tofu, herbs

Breakfast

Xoi
Xoi

Sticky rice topped with mung bean, fried shallots, shredded chicken, or coconut.

Key ingredients: glutinous rice, mung beans, shallots, coconut
Banh cuon
Banh cuon

Thin steamed rice rolls filled with pork and mushrooms and served with fish sauce dip.

Key ingredients: rice batter, pork, wood ear mushrooms, herbs
Banh mi op la

A baguette with fried eggs, pate, and pickles for a quick morning meal.

Key ingredients: baguette, eggs, pate, herbs
Chao

Silky rice porridge with ginger, scallions, and chicken or pork.

Key ingredients: rice, chicken, ginger, scallions

Street food

Banh mi
Banh mi

Crisp baguette filled with meat, pickles, herbs, and chili sauce.

Key ingredients: baguette, pork, pickled carrot, cilantro, chiliFull guide →
Banh bao
Banh bao

Fluffy steamed buns filled with seasoned pork and egg.

Key ingredients: flour, pork, egg, mushrooms
Bot chien

Crispy fried rice-flour cakes with egg, served with green papaya and dipping sauce.

Key ingredients: rice flour, egg, scallion, soy sauce
Banh trang nuong
Banh trang nuong

Grilled rice paper pizza with egg, scallions, and dried shrimp, a street snack in Da Lat.

Key ingredients: rice paper, egg, scallion, dried shrimp
Nem ran

Crispy fried spring rolls filled with pork, glass noodles, and mushrooms.

Key ingredients: pork, glass noodles, mushrooms, rice paper
Goi cuon
Goi cuon

Fresh rice-paper rolls with shrimp, herbs, and noodles served with peanut sauce.

Key ingredients: shrimp, rice paper, herbs, vermicelliFull guide →

Soups

Pho
Pho

Beef or chicken noodle soup in a clear, spiced broth with fresh herbs.

Key ingredients: beef bones, rice noodles, star anise, herbsFull guide →
Mi Quang
Mi Quang

Turmeric noodles from Quang Nam with a little rich broth, shrimp, pork, peanuts, and rice crackers.

Key ingredients: wide rice noodles, turmeric, shrimp, pork, peanuts
Hu tieu
Hu tieu

Southern pork and shrimp noodle soup with a light, sweet broth.

Key ingredients: rice noodles, pork, shrimp, garlic chives
Canh bi do

Light soup of pumpkin or squash with pork or shrimp.

Key ingredients: pumpkin, pork, scallions

Salads

Goi ga

Shredded chicken and cabbage salad with herbs and a lime dressing.

Key ingredients: chicken, cabbage, mint, lime, fish sauce
Goi du du

Green papaya salad with dried beef or shrimp, herbs, and peanuts.

Key ingredients: green papaya, beef jerky, herbs, peanuts
Nom hoa chuoi

Banana blossom salad with chicken and sesame, tossed with lime dressing.

Key ingredients: banana blossom, chicken, peanuts, lime

Desserts and sweets

Che
Che

Sweet soups and puddings with beans, jelly, fruit, and coconut milk.

Key ingredients: mung beans, coconut milk, tapiocaFull guide →
Banh flan

Silky caramel custard, served with coffee or ice.

Key ingredients: eggs, milk, caramel
Sua chua

Vietnamese yogurt, tangy and creamy, eaten with fruit or coffee.

Key ingredients: yogurt, condensed milk
Kem

Coconut ice cream served in a coconut shell with peanuts.

Key ingredients: coconut, sugar, peanuts

Drinks

Vietnamese iced coffee
Vietnamese iced coffee

Strong drip coffee poured over condensed milk and ice.

Key ingredients: coffee, condensed milk, iceFull guide →
Egg coffee
Egg coffee

A Hanoi specialty of whipped egg yolk, sugar, and coffee, creamy like tiramisu.

Key ingredients: egg yolk, coffee, sugar, condensed milk
Nuoc mia

Fresh sugarcane juice pressed to order and served over ice, often with kumquat.

Key ingredients: sugarcane, kumquat, ice
Sinh to

Fruit smoothies made with mango, avocado, or soursop, blended with ice and condensed milk.

Key ingredients: fruit, ice, condensed milk
Tra da

Free iced tea served in cafes and restaurants across Vietnam.

Key ingredients: green tea, ice

Fruits and produce

Dragon fruit
Dragon fruit

Bright magenta or white flesh with tiny black seeds; a refreshing, mildly sweet fruit grown in the south.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in smoothies, with limeFull guide →
Mango
Mango

Sweet and juicy, eaten ripe or green with salt and chili.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, green with chili salt, in smoothiesFull guide →
Rambutan
Rambutan

Red hairy fruit with sweet, juicy flesh.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in dessertsFull guide →
Mangosteen
Mangosteen

Purple-rinded fruit with fragrant white segments.

Key ingredients: eaten freshFull guide →
Lychee
Lychee

Fragrant white flesh with a rosy shell, grown in the north.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in dessertsFull guide →
Jackfruit
Jackfruit

Large fruit with sweet yellow pods, used fresh or in che.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in dessertsFull guide →
Pomelo
Pomelo

Large citrus with sweet-tart segments used in salads.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, in salads
Longan
Longan

Small round fruit with translucent sweet flesh, grown in the Mekong Delta.

Key ingredients: eaten fresh, dried, in desserts

Dish guides from Vietnam

Explore Vietnam on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of South-Eastern Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Bún chả Vietnamese food: stuart_spivack, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cơm Tấm, Da Nang, Vietnam: Christopher Crouzet, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bún bò Huế - Chợ Đông Ba (2024) - img 02: Chainwit., CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Thit-kho-tieu-1: Mkat, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Product Shots of Food-Bo Luc Lac: Nick Nguyen, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Banh Xeo with fish sauce and vegetables: HungryHuy, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Canhchua2: Jason Hutchens, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bún riêu đặc biệt: TarnishedPath, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Xôi sắn: Hoangkid, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bánh cuốn Thanh Trì: Casablanca1911 at vi.wikipedia, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bánh mì thịt nướng: nsaum75¡שיחת!‎, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Banhbao: Sue Le, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bánh tráng nướng TP. Hồ Chí Minh - street food in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Light Write, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Homemade spring rolls (7010969349): pelican from Tokyo, Japan, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bowl of Meatball pho: SerraKnightz, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mì Quảng, Da Nang, Vietnam: Christopher Crouzet, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Hu Tieu Nam Vang: Dianne Flor Reyno, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chè xoài: Mạnh An, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Viet-coffee: Mike Verdone, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cà phê trứng: travel oriented, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dragon fruit (Pitaya): Nakna06, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mangos - single and halved: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Buds on branch of rambutan tree: DXLINH, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Berthe Hoola van Nooten48: Berthe Hoola van Nooten (1817-1892), Pieter De Pannemaeker (lithographer), Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Litchi chinensis fruits: B.navez, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • The jackfruit is holding on to the tree: This work was made by Tushar Hossain and released under the license(s) stated below. Please feel free to use it for any, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomelo fruit: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Longan tree at Pine Island Nursery: Pouletic, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)