Food of Iran

Persian cooking is built on fragrant rice, slow-simmered stews called khoresh, and a careful balance of sweet, sour and herbal notes. Saffron, dried limes, pomegranate, walnuts and heaps of fresh herbs appear again and again, alongside grilled kebabs, flatbreads and yogurt dishes. Regions differ widely, from the spicy seafood of the Gulf coast to the rice and fish of the Caspian shore. Meals are generous and shared, with rice, stews, fresh herbs and pickles set out for everyone.

Chelow kabab
National dish

Chelow kabab

Fluffy steamed rice served with grilled skewers of seasoned meat, a grilled tomato and a pat of butter. Often finished with a sprinkle of sumac.

How to make Chelow kabab

Staples

  • rice
  • lamb
  • chicken
  • yogurt
  • walnuts
  • pomegranate
  • herbs
  • eggplant
  • flatbread

Signature flavors

  • saffron
  • dried lime
  • turmeric
  • sumac
  • cinnamon
  • rose water
  • barberries
  • advieh

Main dishes

Chelow kabab
Chelow kabab

Fluffy steamed rice served with grilled skewers of seasoned meat, a grilled tomato and a pat of butter. Often finished with a sprinkle of sumac.

Key ingredients: basmati rice, ground lamb or beef, onion, saffron, tomato, butter, sumacFull guide →
Ghormeh sabzi
Ghormeh sabzi

A deep green stew of sauteed herbs, red kidney beans and tender lamb, soured with dried limes. Served over white rice.

Key ingredients: parsley, cilantro, fenugreek leaves, kidney beans, lamb, dried lime, onionFull guide →
Fesenjan
Fesenjan

A rich stew of ground walnuts and pomegranate molasses with chicken or meatballs, balancing sweet and tangy flavors.

Key ingredients: walnuts, pomegranate molasses, chicken, onion, cinnamon, saffronFull guide →
Tahdig
Tahdig

The golden, crunchy crust from the bottom of the rice pot, prized as the best part of the meal.

Key ingredients: rice, yogurt, saffron, oil or butter, egg yolk, potato or flatbreadFull guide →
Gheimeh
Gheimeh

A stew of tender meat, yellow split peas and dried limes, topped with crisp fried potato sticks.

Key ingredients: lamb or beef, yellow split peas, dried lime, tomato paste, turmeric, fried potatoes
Khoresh bademjan
Khoresh bademjan

Eggplant and meat simmered in a tomato-saffron sauce with a tangy note, served with rice.

Key ingredients: eggplant, lamb or beef, tomato, onion, saffron, verjuice
Zereshk polo ba morgh
Zereshk polo ba morgh

Saffron chicken served with rice jeweled with sweet-tart barberries and slivered almonds.

Key ingredients: chicken, basmati rice, barberries, saffron, onion, almonds
Baghali polo
Baghali polo

Dill and fava bean rice, usually served with braised lamb shank or chicken.

Key ingredients: rice, fava beans, dill, lamb shank, saffron, butter
Kuku sabzi

A thick herb frittata packed with parsley, cilantro, dill and chives, often with walnuts and barberries.

Key ingredients: eggs, parsley, cilantro, dill, walnuts, barberries, turmeric
Dizi
Dizi

Hearty lamb, chickpea and bean stew cooked in a small crock, then mashed and eaten with bread.

Key ingredients: lamb, chickpeas, white beans, potato, tomato, dried lime, flatbread
Kofta tabrizi
Kofta tabrizi

Giant meatballs from Tabriz stuffed with rice, herbs, split peas and dried fruit, simmered in tomato sauce.

Key ingredients: ground meat, rice, herbs, split peas, barberries, prunesFull guide →
Kabab koobideh
Kabab koobideh

Minced lamb or beef kneaded with onion and grilled on flat skewers until juicy.

Key ingredients: ground lamb, grated onion, salt, pepper, sumac, saffron
Joojeh kabab

Chicken pieces marinated in saffron, lemon and yogurt, then grilled on skewers.

Key ingredients: chicken, saffron, lemon juice, onion, yogurt, butter
Mirza ghasemi

A smoky Caspian dish of charred eggplant, tomato, garlic and egg.

Key ingredients: eggplant, tomato, garlic, egg, turmeric, oil
Sabzi polo ba mahi
Sabzi polo ba mahi

Herbed rice with fried white fish, a classic for the spring new year table.

Key ingredients: rice, parsley, dill, cilantro, white fish, saffron

Breakfast

Nan, panir va sabzi

Fresh flatbread with feta-style cheese, walnuts, herbs, cucumber and sweet tea.

Key ingredients: flatbread, white cheese, walnuts, herbs, tea
Halim
Halim

A warm porridge of shredded meat and wheat, topped with cinnamon and sugar or butter.

Key ingredients: wheat, chicken or lamb, butter, cinnamon, sugar
Nargesi

Spinach and eggs cooked together with garlic and onion, served with bread.

Key ingredients: spinach, eggs, garlic, onion, turmeric

Street food

Dizi sangi
Dizi sangi

Lamb stew served in a small stone crock and eaten with bread.

Key ingredients: lamb, chickpeas, potato, bread
Baghali

Steamed hot broad beans seasoned with vinegar, salt and dried herbs.

Key ingredients: broad beans, vinegar, salt, dried dill
Kabab torsh
Kabab torsh

Marinated Caspian kebab with walnut, pomegranate and herb marinade.

Key ingredients: meat, walnuts, pomegranate molasses, garlic, herbs

Soups

Ash reshteh
Ash reshteh

A thick, herb-laden soup of beans, lentils and noodles finished with kashk and fried mint.

Key ingredients: noodles, chickpeas, beans, spinach, herbs, kashk, fried onionsFull guide →
Ash-e anar

A tangy pomegranate soup with herbs, split peas and tiny meatballs.

Key ingredients: pomegranate molasses, split peas, herbs, meatballs, rice, onion
Abgoosht
Abgoosht

Lamb, chickpea and potato broth served in two courses: broth with bread, then the mashed solids.

Key ingredients: lamb, chickpeas, white beans, potato, tomato, dried lime

Salads

Shirazi salad
Shirazi salad

Finely diced cucumber, tomato and onion dressed with lime juice, dried mint and olive oil.

Key ingredients: cucumber, tomato, red onion, lime juice, dried mint, olive oilFull guide →
Mast-o-khiar
Mast-o-khiar

Cool yogurt with cucumber, mint and sometimes raisins and walnuts.

Key ingredients: yogurt, cucumber, dried mint, walnuts, raisins
Salad olivieh
Salad olivieh

A creamy Persian potato and chicken salad with eggs, pickles and peas.

Key ingredients: potato, chicken, eggs, pickles, peas, mayonnaise
Borani esfenaj
Borani esfenaj

A dip of wilted spinach folded into garlicky yogurt.

Key ingredients: spinach, yogurt, garlic, walnuts, olive oil
Sabzi khordan
Sabzi khordan

A platter of fresh herbs, radishes, scallions and walnuts served with cheese and bread.

Key ingredients: basil, mint, tarragon, radish, scallion, feta-style cheese, walnuts

Breads

Sangak
Sangak

Long whole-wheat flatbread baked on hot pebbles.

Key ingredients: whole wheat flour, yeast, water, salt
Barbari
Barbari

Thick, chewy flatbread with a ridged top and sesame seeds.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, yeast, sesame, nigella seeds
Lavash
Lavash

Thin, soft, stretchy flatbread baked against hot oven walls.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, water, saltFull guide →
Taftoon

Soft, round, thin leavened bread baked in a clay oven.

Key ingredients: wheat flour, yeast, water, salt

Desserts and sweets

Faloodeh
Faloodeh

Icy rose-scented dessert with thin rice noodles, lime juice and sour cherry syrup.

Key ingredients: rice noodles, rose water, lime juice, sugar, sour cherry syrupFull guide →
Sholeh zard

Saffron rice pudding scented with rose water and decorated with cinnamon.

Key ingredients: rice, saffron, sugar, rose water, almonds
Gaz

Soft nougat from Isfahan with pistachios and rose water.

Key ingredients: sugar, egg white, pistachio, rose water, corn syrup
Sohan

Brittle saffron toffee with pistachios and almonds.

Key ingredients: sugar, wheat sprouts, saffron, pistachios, butter
Baghlava
Baghlava

Layered phyllo pastry with ground almonds or pistachios and rose-scented syrup.

Key ingredients: phyllo, almonds, pistachios, sugar, rose water, cardamomFull guide →
Nan-e berenji
Nan-e berenji

Delicate rice flour cookies with cardamom and poppy seeds.

Key ingredients: rice flour, butter, sugar, cardamom, poppy seeds

Drinks

Chai

Strong tea served in small glasses, often with sugar cubes or sweets.

Key ingredients: black tea, water, sugar cube, cardamom
Doogh
Doogh

Chilled salty yogurt drink with mint, sometimes carbonated.

Key ingredients: yogurt, water, salt, dried mint
Sekanjabin
Sekanjabin

A sweet-and-sour mint syrup drink made with vinegar, served over ice.

Key ingredients: sugar, vinegar, mint, water

Fruits and produce

Pomegranate
Pomegranate

Ruby seeds sprinkled on rice and stews, or pressed into juice and molasses.

Key ingredients: fresh seeds, juice, molasses, saladsFull guide →
Pistachios
Pistachios

Famous nuts from Kerman, eaten in sweets and snacks.

Key ingredients: snacks, ice cream, rice, nougat
Barberry (zereshk)
Barberry (zereshk)

Tiny dried red tart berries scattered over rice.

Key ingredients: rice dishes, chicken, salads
Saffron
Saffron

The prized crimson stamens of a crocus, used to color and flavor rice and sweets.

Key ingredients: rice, tea, desserts, stews
Sour cherries
Sour cherries

Tart cherries that appear in rice, syrups and jams.

Key ingredients: rice, jam, drinks, soups
Dates
Dates

Sweet southern dates eaten with tea.

Key ingredients: tea, nuts, dessertsFull guide →
Fig
Fig

Fresh and dried figs eaten at breakfast and as dessert.

Key ingredients: fresh, dried, jam, cheeseFull guide →
Quince
Quince

Fragrant fruit stewed into stews or cooked into jam.

Key ingredients: stews, jam, tea

Dish guides from Iran

Explore Iran on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Southern Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Kebab Bakhtyari: Taylor and Kevin, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ghormeh Sabzi: Amin Majidi, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Khoresht-e fesenjan: stringparts, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Persianmom's mother's (persiangrandma) perfect tahdig rice: AninnymouseEditor, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Gheymeh stew: Kalpase, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Eggplant stew persian: مانفی, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Zereshk polo: خودم, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baghala polo: مانفی, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dizi: RezAzizi at Persian Wikipedia, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Koofteh tabrizi: Fabienkhan, CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kabab koobideh bbq persian food: Amin, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sabzi polo: مانفی, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pakistani Haleem served with garnish: Halt123halt, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kebab torsh: Rye-96, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ash Reshteh: AilinParsa, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • سالاد شیرازی: Mohsenmosayebnejad, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cacik-1: Rainer Zenz, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Салат Оливье 03: Pannet, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Bouranee: MRG90, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Կանաչի 3: Chaojoker, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sangak 05: Fatemeh Abedi, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Nun Barbarí fatto con farina di grano del Senatore Cappelli: Marcuscalabresus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pan armenio en el mercado de Yerevan: Wiquijote, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Faloodeh1: Rka11111, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baklava(1): Sakaman, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Naan Berenji 15: Moein Neirizi, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • ТАН (напиток): Schekinov Alexey Victorovich, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sekanjebin (drink): Rye-96, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomegranate Juice (2019): Augustus Binu : flickr, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pistachio vera: THOR, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Berberis darwinii shoot: Unknown, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Saffron - premium spice: Shaharbano, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Prunus cerasus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-113: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dates005: Nepenthes, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ficus carica L, 1771: Trew, C.J, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pancrace Bessa00: Pancrace Bessa, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)