Food of Japan

Japanese cooking prizes seasonality, clean flavors and careful presentation. Rice, noodles, fish, soy foods and vegetables are everyday staples, seasoned with dashi, soy sauce and miso for deep umami. Regional specialties range from Hokkaido's seafood and ramen to Osaka's street snacks and Kyushu's rich pork broths. Meals are often built from small dishes served together: rice, soup, a main and pickles.

Sushi
National dish

Sushi

Vinegared rice with raw fish, seafood or vegetables, pressed or rolled.

How to make Sushi

Staples

  • rice
  • noodles
  • fish and seafood
  • tofu
  • soybeans
  • seaweed
  • daikon
  • pork

Signature flavors

  • soy sauce
  • dashi
  • miso
  • rice vinegar
  • wasabi
  • ginger
  • sesame
  • nori

Main dishes

Sushi
Sushi

Vinegared rice with raw fish, seafood or vegetables, pressed or rolled.

Key ingredients: sushi rice, fish, nori, wasabi, rice vinegarFull guide →
Tempura
Tempura

Seafood and vegetables fried in a light, crisp batter.

Key ingredients: shrimp, sweet potato, flour, ice water, dashi dipping sauceFull guide →
Tonkatsu
Tonkatsu

Breaded pork cutlet served with cabbage and tangy sauce.

Key ingredients: pork loin, panko, egg, cabbage, tonkatsu sauceFull guide →
Teriyaki
Teriyaki

Chicken or fish glazed in a sweet, glossy soy sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken, soy sauce, sugar, gingerFull guide →
Japanese curry
Japanese curry

Mild, thick curry stew of meat and vegetables over rice.

Key ingredients: curry roux, potatoes, carrots, onions, riceFull guide →
Sukiyaki
Sukiyaki

Thin beef and vegetables simmered at the table in sweet soy broth, dipped in egg.

Key ingredients: beef, tofu, napa cabbage, shirataki, eggFull guide →
Shabu-shabu
Shabu-shabu

Paper-thin beef and vegetables swished in a pot of hot broth and dipped in sesame or ponzu.

Key ingredients: beef, cabbage, tofu, ponzu, sesame sauce
Oyakodon
Oyakodon

Chicken and egg simmered in sweet dashi over a bowl of rice.

Key ingredients: chicken, eggs, onion, dashi, rice
Gyudon
Gyudon

Thin beef and onion simmered in a sweet soy broth over rice.

Key ingredients: beef, onion, soy sauce, sugar, rice
Katsudon
Katsudon

Breaded pork cutlet simmered with egg and served on rice.

Key ingredients: tonkatsu, egg, onion, dashi, rice
Nikujaga
Nikujaga

Home-style stew of beef, potatoes and onions in a sweet soy broth.

Key ingredients: beef, potatoes, onion, soy sauce, sugar
Tamagoyaki
Tamagoyaki

Rolled sweet omelet cooked in layers in a rectangular pan.

Key ingredients: eggs, dashi, sugar, soy sauce
Grilled salmon
Grilled salmon

Salted grilled salmon, a classic breakfast and bento item.

Key ingredients: salmon, salt, lemon, daikon
Chawanmushi
Chawanmushi

Savory steamed egg custard with shrimp, chicken and mushrooms.

Key ingredients: eggs, dashi, shrimp, shiitake, ginkgo nuts

Breakfast

Japanese breakfast set

Rice, miso soup, grilled fish, pickles and tamagoyaki, served together.

Key ingredients: rice, miso soup, grilled fish, pickles, egg
Natto
Natto

Sticky fermented soybeans served over rice, with mustard and soy sauce.

Key ingredients: soybeans, mustard, soy sauce, scallions, rice
Tamago kake gohan
Tamago kake gohan

Hot rice topped with a raw egg and soy sauce, mixed until creamy.

Key ingredients: rice, egg, soy sauce, nori

Street food

Okonomiyaki
Okonomiyaki

Cabbage-filled savory pancake with sauce and mayonnaise.

Key ingredients: cabbage, flour, egg, bacon, okonomiyaki sauceFull guide →
Takoyaki
Takoyaki

Crisp octopus balls with sauce, mayonnaise and bonito flakes.

Key ingredients: octopus, batter, scallions, sauceFull guide →
Yakitori
Yakitori

Grilled chicken skewers glazed with tare sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken, scallions, soy sauceFull guide →
Yakisoba
Yakisoba

Stir-fried noodles with cabbage, pork and tangy sauce.

Key ingredients: noodles, cabbage, pork, yakisoba sauce
Karaage
Karaage

Juicy Japanese-style fried chicken marinated in soy and ginger.

Key ingredients: chicken, soy sauce, ginger, potato starch
Taiyaki
Taiyaki

Fish-shaped waffle cakes filled with sweet red bean paste or custard.

Key ingredients: flour, red bean paste, custard
Onigiri
Onigiri

Hand-formed rice balls with savory fillings, wrapped in nori.

Key ingredients: rice, nori, salmon, umeboshiFull guide →
Gyoza
Gyoza

Pan-fried dumplings with pork and cabbage filling.

Key ingredients: pork, cabbage, garlic, wrappers

Soups

Ramen
Ramen

Wheat noodles in rich broth, topped with pork, egg and scallions.

Key ingredients: noodles, pork, egg, broth, noriFull guide →
Udon
Udon

Thick, chewy wheat noodles in mild dashi broth.

Key ingredients: udon noodles, dashi, tofu, scallionsFull guide →
Miso soup
Miso soup

Dashi broth with miso paste, tofu and wakame.

Key ingredients: miso, dashi, tofu, wakameFull guide →
Soba
Soba

Buckwheat noodles served hot in broth or chilled with dipping sauce.

Key ingredients: buckwheat noodles, dashi, soy sauce, scallions
Oden
Oden

Winter stew of daikon, eggs and fish cakes simmered in light dashi.

Key ingredients: daikon, eggs, fish cake, konnyaku, dashi
Tonjiru
Tonjiru

Hearty miso soup with pork and root vegetables.

Key ingredients: pork, daikon, carrots, burdock, miso

Salads

Goma-ae
Goma-ae

Blanched spinach dressed in a sweet toasted sesame sauce.

Key ingredients: spinach, sesame, soy sauce, sugar
Sunomono
Sunomono

Cucumber and seaweed salad in a light vinegar dressing.

Key ingredients: cucumber, wakame, rice vinegar, sugar
Potato salad
Potato salad

Creamy mashed potato salad with cucumber, carrot and Japanese mayonnaise.

Key ingredients: potatoes, cucumber, carrot, mayonnaise
Tsukemono
Tsukemono

Assorted Japanese pickled vegetables served with rice.

Key ingredients: daikon, cucumber, cabbage, salt, vinegar

Breads

Shokupan
Shokupan

Fluffy milk bread, thick-sliced for toast and sandwiches.

Key ingredients: flour, milk, butter, yeast
Melon pan
Melon pan

Sweet bun with a crisp, cookie-like crust, shaped like a melon.

Key ingredients: flour, sugar, butter, egg
Katsu sando
Katsu sando

Crustless milk-bread sandwich with a crisp pork cutlet.

Key ingredients: shokupan, pork cutlet, tonkatsu sauce, cabbage

Desserts and sweets

Mochi
Mochi

Soft chewy rice cake, plain or filled with sweet bean paste.

Key ingredients: glutinous rice, red bean, sugarFull guide →
Dorayaki
Dorayaki

Two honey pancakes sandwiching sweet red bean paste.

Key ingredients: eggs, honey, flour, red bean pasteFull guide →
Dango
Dango

Skewered chewy rice dumplings with sweet soy glaze.

Key ingredients: rice flour, soy sauce, sugarFull guide →
Daifuku
Daifuku

Mochi stuffed with sweet filling, sometimes a whole strawberry.

Key ingredients: mochi, anko, strawberry
Anmitsu
Anmitsu

Cool dessert of agar jelly, fruit, red beans and dark syrup.

Key ingredients: agar jelly, red beans, fruit, syrup
Castella
Castella

Light honey sponge cake with a moist, fine crumb.

Key ingredients: eggs, sugar, flour, honey
Kakigori
Kakigori

Shaved ice drizzled with fruit syrup and condensed milk.

Key ingredients: shaved ice, syrup, condensed milk

Drinks

Matcha
Matcha

Powdered green tea whisked into a frothy bowl.

Key ingredients: matcha, hot waterFull guide →
Sencha
Sencha

Everyday green tea with a fresh, grassy flavor.

Key ingredients: green tea leaves
Genmaicha
Genmaicha

Green tea blended with toasted rice, nutty and comforting.

Key ingredients: green tea, toasted rice
Mugicha
Mugicha

Roasted barley tea, served cold in summer.

Key ingredients: roasted barley
Calpis
Calpis

Soft, milky-tangy cultured milk soda.

Key ingredients: cultured milk, water, sugar
Ramune
Ramune

Fizzy Japanese lemon-lime soda in a bottle sealed with a marble.

Key ingredients: carbonated water, sugar, citrus

Fruits and produce

Persimmon
Persimmon

Sweet autumn fruit eaten fresh or dried as hoshigaki.

Key ingredients: fresh, driedFull guide →
Yuzu
Yuzu

Fragrant citrus used for its juice and zest in sauces and baths.

Key ingredients: ponzu, tea, desserts
Nashi pear
Nashi pear

Crisp, juicy Asian pear with a mild sweet taste.

Key ingredients: fresh, salads
Satsuma mandarin
Satsuma mandarin

Seedless, easy-peel winter mandarin.

Key ingredients: fresh, juice
Ume
Ume

Sour plum used in pickles, drinks and sweet syrups.

Key ingredients: umeboshi, umeshu syrup, jam
Strawberries
Strawberries

Large, sweet Japanese strawberries, often given as a treat.

Key ingredients: fresh, daifuku, cake
Melon

Very sweet, fragrant cantaloupe-style melons grown with great care.

Key ingredients: fresh, sorbet

Dish guides from Japan

Explore Japan on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Eastern Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Sushi platter: chidorian from Japan, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tempura 01: Yaco*, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • "Amai-Yuwaku" Special Loin Pork Cutlet1: KoZ, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 22nd June 2012 Teriyaki Duck: Murcotipton, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Beef curry rice 003: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sukiyaki 01: ajari, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shabu-shabu-01: jimg944, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Oyakodon 003: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Gyuu-don 001: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Katsudon 001: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Braised pork and potatoes (3089327692): Yumi Kimura from Yokohama, JAPAN, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 鳥焼き居酒屋 (39394233682): 極地狐, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Salmo salar: Knepp, Timothy, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chawan-mushi: Brücke-Osteuropa, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Matsunoya Breakfast 20240421 102843: 円周率3パーセント, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tamagokake-gohan 001: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Okonomiyaki 001: ume-y, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • ソースとポン酢のたこ焼き: 加茂川の民, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cooking yakitori: 竹麦魚(Searobin), CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yakisoba - 01: Quercus acuta, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chicken karaage 003: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Taiyaki 003: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 小料理バルさくら 特製おにぎり: 脇山航, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 台灣南投草屯水餃Nantou, Taiwan Caotun dumplings: Yeepunchmen, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shoyu Ramen(Tokyo Ramen) - 01: Quercus acuta, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 鶏天のうどん: 加茂川の民, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Miso Soup 001: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dried soba noodles by FotoosVanRobin: FotoosVanRobin, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yataioden: Hykw-a4, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • CodazziTonjiru1: No machine-readable author provided. 小太刀~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Goma-ae salad: Alice Seba, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kouhaku-namasu 001: Ocdp, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Potato salad (1): SajjadF, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tsukemono2: Mimissu, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shokupan: 午後紅茶, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Melonpan on the plastic bag: Kyu3a, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • KatsuSando6515: No machine-readable author provided. Fg2 assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mochi 002: Kropsoq, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dorayaki 001 (3): Ocdp, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mitarashi dango by denver935: denver935, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Daifuku 1: No machine-readable author provided. Lyzzy assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Anmitsu in Isezakicho: akira yamada from Yokohama (横浜市中区伊勢佐木町 - Isezakicho), CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Castella,made in nagasaki-city,japan: katorisi, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Macha kakigori snow cone: Unknown, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Matcha Scoop: Evanhoever, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 2017 Kagoshima sencha: Difference engine, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Genmaicha: No machine-readable author provided. Kyd assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Boricha (barley tea): 국립국어원, CC BY-SA 2.0 kr (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Calpis karupisu: Immanuel Giel, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ramune-lemonade,japan: katorisi, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fuyu persimmon fruits, one cut open: Frank Schulenburg, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yuzu oranges (6459456959): Nikita from Russian Federation, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Nashi pear: Unknown, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Citrus unshiu 20101127 c: Batholith, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Prunus mume: Kakidai, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) single2: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)