Food of China

Chinese cooking spans a continent, from the wheat noodles and dumplings of the north to the fiery, numbing dishes of Sichuan and the delicate steamed seafood of Guangdong. Rice, noodles, soy foods, ginger, garlic and scallions are everyday building blocks, and cooks balance flavor, texture and color in every meal. Wok stir-frying, steaming, braising and roasting are the main techniques. Meals are served family style, with shared dishes set around a table and rice or noodles at the center.

Peking duck
National dish

Peking duck

Roast duck with crackling skin, carved and wrapped in thin pancakes with scallion and sweet sauce.

How to make Peking duck

Staples

  • rice
  • wheat noodles
  • soy and tofu
  • pork
  • cabbage
  • ginger
  • garlic
  • scallions

Signature flavors

  • soy sauce
  • Sichuan pepper
  • star anise
  • five-spice
  • black vinegar
  • sesame oil
  • chili bean paste

Main dishes

Peking duck
Peking duck

Roast duck with crackling skin, carved and wrapped in thin pancakes with scallion and sweet sauce.

Key ingredients: duck, honey, five-spice, pancakes, scallions, hoisinFull guide →
Kung Pao chicken
Kung Pao chicken

Sichuan stir-fry of diced chicken, dried chilies and peanuts in a tangy-sweet sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken, dried chilies, peanuts, Sichuan pepper, black vinegarFull guide →
Mapo tofu
Mapo tofu

Silky tofu and minced meat in a spicy, numbing sauce of chili bean paste and Sichuan pepper.

Key ingredients: tofu, ground pork, doubanjiang, Sichuan pepper, scallionsFull guide →
Sweet and sour pork
Sweet and sour pork

Crisp pork pieces glazed in a bright, tangy-sweet sauce with pineapple and peppers.

Key ingredients: pork, vinegar, sugar, ketchup, bell pepper, pineappleFull guide →
Char siu
Char siu

Honey-glazed roast pork with a sticky, caramelized crust, sliced over rice or in buns.

Key ingredients: pork shoulder, hoisin, honey, five-spice, soy sauceFull guide →
Twice-cooked pork
Twice-cooked pork

Sichuan dish of boiled then stir-fried pork belly with leeks and chili bean paste.

Key ingredients: pork belly, leeks, doubanjiang, garlic, sweet bean sauce
Dongpo pork
Dongpo pork

Hangzhou-style braised pork belly cubes, meltingly tender in a sweet soy sauce.

Key ingredients: pork belly, soy sauce, rock sugar, ginger, scallions
Red braised pork belly

Shanghai-style pork belly braised slowly in soy, sugar and spices until glossy.

Key ingredients: pork belly, soy sauce, rock sugar, star anise, ginger
Tomato and egg stir-fry

A homey, quick dish of soft eggs and juicy tomatoes served over rice.

Key ingredients: eggs, tomatoes, scallions, sugar, salt
Yuxiang eggplant
Yuxiang eggplant

Fish-fragrant eggplant in a garlicky, sweet-sour-spicy sauce, with no fish in it.

Key ingredients: eggplant, garlic, ginger, doubanjiang, vinegar
Steamed whole fish

Cantonese-style fish steamed with ginger and finished with hot oil and soy.

Key ingredients: white fish, ginger, scallions, soy sauce, hot oil
Chow mein
Chow mein

Stir-fried noodles with vegetables and meat in a savory sauce.

Key ingredients: noodles, cabbage, carrot, soy sauce, chickenFull guide →
Fried rice
Fried rice

Day-old rice wok-fried with egg, scallions and vegetables.

Key ingredients: cooked rice, eggs, peas, carrots, soy sauceFull guide →
Zhajiangmian
Zhajiangmian

Northern noodles topped with savory fried soybean paste and pork, with fresh cucumber.

Key ingredients: wheat noodles, pork, sweet bean paste, cucumber, scallions

Breakfast

Baozi
Baozi

Fluffy steamed buns with pork, vegetable or sweet fillings.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast, pork, scallions, soy sauceFull guide →
Jianbing
Jianbing

Thin egg crepe with sauce and a crispy cracker, folded hot on the street.

Key ingredients: mung bean flour, egg, hoisin, scallions, crispy crackerFull guide →
Congee
Congee

Creamy rice porridge with toppings like ginger, scallions and shredded chicken.

Key ingredients: rice, ginger, chicken stock, scallions, sesame oilFull guide →
Dim sum
Dim sum

Small plates of dumplings, buns and rolls shared with tea.

Key ingredients: shrimp, pork, wheat starch, mushrooms, soy sauceFull guide →
Youtiao
Youtiao

Long golden fried dough sticks dipped in warm soy milk.

Key ingredients: flour, baking powder, oil, soy milk
Tea eggs
Tea eggs

Eggs simmered in tea, soy and spices so the cracked shells leave a marbled pattern.

Key ingredients: eggs, black tea, soy sauce, star anise, cinnamon

Street food

Xiaolongbao
Xiaolongbao

Steamed soup dumplings with a burst of hot broth inside.

Key ingredients: pork, aspic broth, ginger, flour, black vinegarFull guide →
Dan dan noodles
Dan dan noodles

Spicy Sichuan noodles with minced pork and sesame sauce.

Key ingredients: noodles, ground pork, sesame paste, chili oil, preserved vegetableFull guide →
Roujiamo
Roujiamo

Xi'an's crisp flatbread stuffed with chopped braised pork, often called a Chinese hamburger.

Key ingredients: flatbread, braised pork, cilantro, green chili
Chuan'r
Chuan'r

Skewered, spiced and grilled meat, popular at night food stalls.

Key ingredients: lamb, cumin, chili, skewers
Tanghulu
Tanghulu

Skewered fruits coated in a hard, glassy sugar shell.

Key ingredients: hawthorn berries, sugar, skewers
Scallion pancake

Layered, flaky flatbread fried until crisp, with scallions folded in.

Key ingredients: flour, scallions, oil, salt
Shengjianbao
Shengjianbao

Pan-fried pork buns with a crisp bottom and soupy filling.

Key ingredients: pork, flour, sesame seeds, scallions
Stinky tofu
Stinky tofu

Fermented tofu fried and served with chili and pickles; bold in aroma, mild in taste.

Key ingredients: fermented tofu, chili sauce, pickled cabbage

Soups

Hot pot
Hot pot

Simmering broth at the table for cooking thin meats, vegetables and tofu.

Key ingredients: broth, beef, tofu, cabbage, mushroomsFull guide →
Lanzhou beef noodles
Lanzhou beef noodles

Hand-pulled noodles in a clear beef broth with radish and chili oil.

Key ingredients: beef, noodles, radish, cilantro, chili oilFull guide →
Wonton soup
Wonton soup

Shrimp and pork dumplings floating in a light, clear broth.

Key ingredients: wonton wrappers, pork, shrimp, chicken stock, scallions
Hot and sour soup
Hot and sour soup

Peppery, tangy soup with tofu, mushrooms and egg ribbons.

Key ingredients: tofu, wood ear mushrooms, egg, vinegar, white pepper
Egg drop soup
Egg drop soup

Simple, silky chicken broth with wisps of beaten egg.

Key ingredients: chicken stock, eggs, scallions, white pepper
Winter melon soup

Clear soup of tender winter melon, often cooked with pork ribs or dried scallops.

Key ingredients: winter melon, pork ribs, ginger, goji berries

Salads

Smashed cucumber salad

Crushed cucumbers dressed with garlic, vinegar and chili oil.

Key ingredients: cucumber, garlic, black vinegar, sesame oil, chili oil
Liangpi
Liangpi

Cold, chewy wheat or rice starch noodles in a spicy, tangy dressing.

Key ingredients: wheat starch noodles, cucumber, chili oil, vinegar, sesame paste
Cold sesame noodles

Chilled noodles in a creamy sesame-soy sauce with cucumber.

Key ingredients: noodles, sesame paste, soy sauce, cucumber, vinegar

Breads

Mantou
Mantou

Plain steamed bread rolls, soft and slightly sweet, served with meals.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast, sugar
Shaobing
Shaobing

Sesame-topped baked flatbread, sometimes stuffed with savory fillings.

Key ingredients: flour, sesame seeds, oil, scallions

Desserts and sweets

Mooncake
Mooncake

Round pastries filled with lotus seed paste and salted egg yolk.

Key ingredients: flour, golden syrup, lotus seed paste, egg yolkFull guide →
Tangyuan
Tangyuan

Glutinous rice balls with sweet sesame filling in ginger syrup.

Key ingredients: glutinous rice flour, black sesame, ginger, sugarFull guide →
Red bean soup
Red bean soup

Warm, sweet soup of simmered adzuki beans, sometimes with tangerine peel.

Key ingredients: red beans, rock sugar, tangerine peel
Egg tart
Egg tart

Flaky or shortcrust shells filled with smooth egg custard.

Key ingredients: eggs, sugar, flour, butterFull guide →
Mango pomelo sago
Mango pomelo sago

Chilled dessert of mango, pomelo and tapioca pearls in coconut milk.

Key ingredients: mango, pomelo, sago, coconut milk

Drinks

Jasmine tea
Jasmine tea

Green tea scented with jasmine blossoms, floral and light.

Key ingredients: green tea, jasmine flowers
Longjing tea
Longjing tea

West Lake green tea from Hangzhou, nutty and gently sweet.

Key ingredients: green tea leaves
Soy milk
Soy milk

Freshly made, warm soy milk served sweet or savory at breakfast.

Key ingredients: soybeans, water, sugar
Chrysanthemum tea
Chrysanthemum tea

Light, floral infusion enjoyed warm or cooled, often with rock sugar.

Key ingredients: chrysanthemum flowers, rock sugar, goji
Suanmeitang
Suanmeitang

Smoky-sour plum drink served ice-cold in summer.

Key ingredients: smoked plums, hawthorn, licorice, rock sugar

Fruits and produce

Lychee
Lychee

Juicy, floral white-fleshed fruit with a bumpy red skin.

Key ingredients: fresh, juice, jellyFull guide →
Persimmon
Persimmon

Sweet orange fruit eaten fresh or dried in autumn.

Key ingredients: fresh, dried, puddingFull guide →
Pomelo
Pomelo

Giant, mild citrus with thick rind and sweet-tart segments.

Key ingredients: fresh, salads, jam
Longan
Longan

Small round fruit with translucent, sweet flesh; sometimes called dragon eye.

Key ingredients: fresh, dried, tonic soups
Mandarin orange
Mandarin orange

Easy-peel sweet citrus grown across southern China.

Key ingredients: fresh, juice, dried peel in cooking
Jujube
Jujube

Chewy red date used fresh, dried and in sweet soups and teas.

Key ingredients: tea, soups, pastries
Loquat
Loquat

Golden spring fruit with sweet-tangy juicy flesh.

Key ingredients: fresh, syrups, jam
Chinese bayberry
Chinese bayberry

Deep red, tart-sweet summer berry from southern China.

Key ingredients: fresh, juice, preserves

Dish guides from China

Explore China on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Eastern Asia

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Peking Duck, 2014 (02): City Foodsters, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kung-pao-shanghai: Steven G. Johnson, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chen Mapo Tofu: ZhengZhou, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sweet and sour pork: ProjectManhattan, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Charsiu: Simon Shek, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Twice cooked pork, Jia Yan, 5 rue Humblot, Paris 003: Guilhem Vellut from Paris, France, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • BCfood12: Archon6812, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Qiezi: Popo le Chien, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Homemade Chow mein with shrimps and meat with a choy and Choung: Peachyeung316, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Koh Mak, Thailand, Fried rice with seafood, Thai fried rice: Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Billyzhajiang1: Archon6812, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Baozi Chengdu: Popo le Chien, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 煎饼馃子制作过程5: Amazingloong, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chinese rice congee: Daiju Azuma, CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chinese DimSum (9023590541): LeonardKong, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Youtiao: Popo le Chien, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tea eggs 1: Daniela Eftimova, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • A Xiaolongbao from The Modern Shanghai: Peachyeung316, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dan-dan noodles, Shanghai: Steven G. Johnson, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Roujiamo: Gary Soup, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chuan'r LED sign hanging in front of Beijing shop: Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tanghulu-shanghai: Zhu Jian / Flickr user: zhu4905jian ( https://www.flickr.com/photos/7672101@N06/ ), CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sheng Jian Bao on a pan: Brian Harrington Spier, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Stinkender Tofu 1: Pilzland, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Hot Pot: Praneeth Thalla, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 蘭州牛肉拉麺: Super koikeyuriko, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pork Steamed Wontons: Sumit Surai, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ping SJ hot & sour soup: BrokenSphere, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 5-Minute Egg Drop Soup-5 (32079790121): Sharon Chen from Austin, United States, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • LIANG PI: Jucember, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • โต๊ะจีนหมั่นโถว: Aumrino970, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Shaobing5: C C, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mooncake 3-4, lotus seed paste: Fanny Schertzer, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pumpkin tangyuan (汤圆) with red bean baste and black sesame fillings: cherrylet, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • HK STT 石塘咀 Shek Tong Tsui 山道 Hill Road 業昌大廈 Yip Cheong Building 海悅海鮮酒家 Ocean Palace Seafood Chinese Restaurant food 紅豆糖水 Red bean dessert soup September 2022 Px3 04: Shusm Wlwawiv AA, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • HK SSP 長沙灣 Cheung Sha Wan 深盛路 Sham Shing Road 泓景滙商場 Banyan Mall shop 蛋撻王 King Bakery Studio December 2019 SS2 egg tarts: LNAM Haoi, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mango pomelo sago: relgar, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Loose Jasmine Tea Leaves: Hayden Soloviev, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Longjing tea: Difference engine, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 004-soymilk: Kjokkenutstyr, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Chrysanthemum tea: Taman Renyah, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Sour plum drink: 用心阁/Yongxinge, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Litchi chinensis fruits: B.navez, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Fuyu persimmon fruits, one cut open: Frank Schulenburg, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pomelo fruit: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Longan tree at Pine Island Nursery: Pouletic, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Citrus reticulata April 2013 Nordbaden: 4028mdk09, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ziziphus jujuba: Tokyo Watcher at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Loquat-0: Aftabbanoori, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yangmei grown in Fremont, California: Lucuscal, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)