Food of Nigeria

Nigerian cooking is bold, generous and built around rich stews, fragrant rice and soft swallows like pounded yam that are eaten by hand. Palm oil, tomatoes, peppers and fermented seasonings such as locust beans give food its depth, and regional kitchens range from northern grilled meats to southern pepper soups and seafood. Meals are sociable, with shared pots and big spreads at weddings and family gatherings.

Jollof rice
National dish

Jollof rice

Smoky, tomato-red party rice cooked in a pepper-and-onion base and the star of every celebration.

How to make Jollof rice

Staples

  • rice
  • yam
  • cassava
  • plantain
  • black-eyed peas
  • palm oil
  • goat and beef
  • fish

Signature flavors

  • scotch bonnet
  • palm oil
  • ground crayfish
  • locust beans (iru)
  • thyme
  • curry powder
  • ginger
  • uziza

Main dishes

Jollof rice
Jollof rice

Smoky, tomato-red party rice cooked in a pepper-and-onion base and the star of every celebration.

Key ingredients: rice, tomato, red pepper, onion, scotch bonnet, thymeFull guide →
Pounded yam
Pounded yam

Boiled yam pounded into a smooth, stretchy dough that is torn and dipped into soups.

Key ingredients: yam, waterFull guide →
Egusi soup
Egusi soup

Thick soup of ground melon seeds, greens, palm oil and meat or fish.

Key ingredients: egusi seeds, palm oil, spinach, peppers, meat or fishFull guide →
Ofada rice and stew
Ofada rice and stew

Local unpolished rice served with a fiery, deep-red pepper sauce and assorted meats.

Key ingredients: ofada rice, red peppers, palm oil, locust beans, meat
Efo riro

Rich Yoruba vegetable stew of spinach cooked in pepper sauce with palm oil, fish and meat.

Key ingredients: spinach, peppers, palm oil, smoked fish, locust beans
Okra soup
Okra soup

Slippery, savory soup of chopped okra with meat, fish and crayfish, eaten with swallows.

Key ingredients: okra, palm oil, crayfish, meat, pepper
Ogbono soup
Ogbono soup

Thick, draw soup made from ground wild mango seeds with meat and leafy greens.

Key ingredients: ogbono seeds, palm oil, bitter leaf, meat, stockfish
Banga soup
Banga soup

Palm-nut soup from the Niger Delta, spiced with fragrant herbs and eaten with starch or rice.

Key ingredients: palm fruit extract, fish, beletete leaf, onion, pepper
Afang soup
Afang soup

Calabar soup of shredded afang leaves and waterleaf with palm oil, meat and fish.

Key ingredients: afang leaves, waterleaf, palm oil, periwinkles, meat
Edikang ikong
Edikang ikong

Calabar soup packed with fluted pumpkin leaves and waterleaf for a lush green stew.

Key ingredients: ugu leaves, waterleaf, palm oil, fish, meat
Fisherman soup

Peppery seafood soup from the Niger Delta with fresh fish, prawns and crabs.

Key ingredients: fish, prawns, crab, peppers, uziza
Jollof spaghetti

Pasta cooked in the same smoky tomato sauce as party jollof rice.

Key ingredients: spaghetti, tomato, pepper, onion, curry powder
Nigerian fried rice
Nigerian fried rice

Colorful fried rice with peas, carrots and green beans, often served at weddings.

Key ingredients: rice, mixed vegetables, liver, curry powder, thymeFull guide →
Tuwo shinkafa
Tuwo shinkafa

Soft northern rice dough served with miyan kuka or miyan taushe.

Key ingredients: rice, water
Amala and ewedu

Dark yam-flour swallow served with slippery ewedu soup and a spicy stew.

Key ingredients: yam flour, ewedu leaves, stew, locust beans
Eba
Eba

Firm cassava dough made by stirring gari into hot water, eaten with soup.

Key ingredients: gari, hot water
Nkwobi
Nkwobi

Spicy Igbo cow-foot dish in a palm oil and ground utazi sauce, often shared with friends.

Key ingredients: cow foot, palm oil, utazi, calabash nutmeg

Breakfast

Akara
Akara

Crisp fritters of seasoned black-eyed pea paste fried until golden, eaten with pap or bread.

Key ingredients: black-eyed peas, onion, pepper, oil
Moi moi
Moi moi

Steamed pudding of peeled black-eyed peas, peppers and oil.

Key ingredients: black-eyed peas, peppers, onion, palm oilFull guide →
Pap (ogi) and akara
Pap (ogi) and akara

Smooth fermented maize porridge served with akara or moi moi.

Key ingredients: fermented maize, water, sugar
Yam and egg sauce

Boiled or fried yam slices with a tomato and egg scramble.

Key ingredients: yam, eggs, tomato, onion, pepper
Agege bread with ewa agoyin

Soft bread with mashed beans in a dark, spicy palm-oil sauce.

Key ingredients: bread, beans, palm oil, dried peppers

Street food

Suya
Suya

Thinly sliced beef grilled over fire with spicy peanut yaji.

Key ingredients: beef, peanuts, paprika, cayenneFull guide →
Puff-puff
Puff-puff

Soft, sweet fried dough balls sold at markets and parties.

Key ingredients: flour, sugar, yeast, nutmegFull guide →
Roasted corn and ube

Corn on the cob roasted over charcoal and served with African pear.

Key ingredients: corn, ube, salt
Boli (roasted plantain)
Boli (roasted plantain)

Plantain roasted over coals and served with groundnut or fish sauce.

Key ingredients: plantain, peanuts, pepper sauce
Gizdodo

Gizzards and fried plantain tossed in a peppery tomato sauce.

Key ingredients: chicken gizzards, plantain, peppers
Chin chin
Chin chin

Crunchy fried dough bites flavored with nutmeg and sugar.

Key ingredients: flour, butter, sugar, nutmeg
Kilishi
Kilishi

Sun-dried, spiced beef jerky from northern Nigeria.

Key ingredients: beef, groundnut paste, spices
Nigerian meat pie
Nigerian meat pie

Flaky pastry filled with seasoned minced meat and potatoes.

Key ingredients: flour, butter, beef, potato, carrotFull guide →

Soups

Pepper soup
Pepper soup

Thin, fiery spiced broth of goat, chicken or catfish.

Key ingredients: goat meat, calabash nutmeg, uziza, scotch bonnetFull guide →
White soup (ofe nsala)

Light, peppery Igbo soup thickened with yam and flavored with utazi.

Key ingredients: catfish, yam, utazi, uziza
Oha soup

Igbo soup of oha leaves thickened with cocoyam and rich with meat and stockfish.

Key ingredients: oha leaves, cocoyam, palm oil, meat

Salads

Nigerian salad

Hearty salad of lettuce, cabbage, beets, boiled egg and baked beans, drizzled with salad cream.

Key ingredients: lettuce, cabbage, carrot, egg, beans
Abacha (African salad)
Abacha (African salad)

Shredded dried cassava tossed in palm oil, ugba and spices, a celebratory Igbo dish.

Key ingredients: dried cassava, palm oil, ugba, garden egg

Desserts and sweets

Coconut candy

Chewy coconut chunks cooked in caramelized sugar.

Key ingredients: coconut, sugar
Fried plantain with ice cream

Hot sweet dodo plantain slices over vanilla ice cream, a modern favorite.

Key ingredients: plantain, ice cream
Kuli kuli
Kuli kuli

Crunchy peanut cakes made from pressed roasted groundnuts.

Key ingredients: peanuts, ginger, salt

Drinks

Zobo

Chilled hibiscus drink steeped with ginger, pineapple and cloves.

Key ingredients: dried hibiscus, ginger, pineapple, cloves
Kunu
Kunu

Sweet-sour millet or sorghum drink from the north, flavored with ginger.

Key ingredients: millet, ginger, sugar
Tigernut milk (kunnu aya)
Tigernut milk (kunnu aya)

Creamy, naturally sweet drink made from tigernuts and dates.

Key ingredients: tigernuts, dates, coconut
Chapman (mocktail)

Non-alcoholic mocktail of orange soda, grenadine, cucumber and citrus slices.

Key ingredients: soda, grenadine, cucumber, lemon
Fura da nono

Millet balls in thick soured milk, drunk from calabashes in the north.

Key ingredients: millet, milk, spices

Fruits and produce

Plantain
Plantain

Cooked ripe or unripe, fried, boiled or roasted as a staple side.

Key ingredients: plantain
Yam
Yam

Large tuber and the national staple, boiled, fried, roasted or pounded.

Key ingredients: yam
African pear (ube)
African pear (ube)

Purple fruit roasted or boiled and eaten with corn.

Key ingredients: ube
Pineapple
Pineapple

Sweet, tangy fruit grown across the south and sold fresh in the streets.

Key ingredients: pineappleFull guide →
Cashew apple
Cashew apple

Juicy fruit with the cashew nut attached, eaten fresh or made into juice.

Key ingredients: cashew apple
Mango
Mango

Seasonal fruit eaten fresh from roadside baskets.

Key ingredients: mangoFull guide →
Watermelon
Watermelon

Refreshing fruit sold sliced on hot days.

Key ingredients: watermelonFull guide →

Dish guides from Nigeria

Explore Nigeria on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Western Africa

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Jollof Rice with Stew: Noahalorwu, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Pounded yam (Iyàn): Taoheedah, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • EGUSI: Zz411 at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ofada Rice: Ijeoma, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Hong Kong Okra Aug 25 2012: Earth100, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Picture of the african mango tree: Nubelbariloe, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Palm nut soup close up 02: Nkansahrexford, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Afang Soup: Yemisi Ogbe, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Edikang ikong: Aderiqueza, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Koh Mak, Thailand, Fried rice with seafood, Thai fried rice: Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Tuwo Shinkafa with garden egg Soup: Bukky658, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Eba Swallow: ChimaBee, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Nkwobi made with Chevon: Bukky658, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Beans Ball-Akara: AkinkuotuFunmi, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Moin-Moin-good: ProVeg International, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ogi;Pap: Taoheedah, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • SuyavarietiesTX: WhisperToMe, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe cropped: Afrolems ; cropped by Off-shell, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Puran Poli: Rambhade, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • LoveChinChin: Reigninginvictory, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • "Kilishi": Abubakar M. Ahmad, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • MeatPie: Jonathunder, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Assorted meat pepper soup at Lagos Island: bob walker, CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Abacha by Chef Phizzle. Native Delight. 01: Phizzle01, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kulikuli: Kwameghana, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kunu: Agan56, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cyperus esculentus L. (AM AK301430-1), white background: Wilcox, Mike, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mega racimos de guineos: J & E, CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Yam at monday market kaduna state 01: Dorcas Atule, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Safoutier: Unknown, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • കൈതച്ചക്ക: Suniltg at Malayalam Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Cashew apples: Abhishek Jacob, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mangos - single and halved: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Taiwan 2009 Tainan City Organic Farm Watermelon FRD 7962: Fred Hsu (Wikipedia:User:Fred Hsu on en.wikipedia), CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)