Food of Ethiopia

Ethiopian cuisine centers on injera, a spongy fermented teff flatbread, and an array of stews called wat or alicha, spiced with berbere and finished with spiced clarified butter. Meals are served on a large communal tray, and people eat with their right hand, tearing injera to scoop up each bite. The highlands favor legumes, greens and spice, while lowland and city kitchens add grilled meat, raw beef specialties and fragrant coffee.

National dish

Doro wat

Spicy chicken stew with slow-cooked onions, berbere and boiled egg.

How to make Doro wat

Staples

  • teff
  • wheat
  • barley
  • chickpeas
  • lentils
  • beef
  • chicken
  • lamb
  • collard greens

Signature flavors

  • berbere
  • mitmita
  • niter kibbeh
  • cardamom
  • fenugreek
  • korarima
  • ginger
  • garlic

Main dishes

Doro wat

Spicy chicken stew with slow-cooked onions, berbere and boiled egg.

Key ingredients: chicken, onion, berbere, niter kibbeh, eggFull guide →
Key wat

Beef stew cooked in a deep-red berbere sauce.

Key ingredients: beef, onion, berbere, niter kibbeh
Alicha wat

Mild yellow stew of meat or vegetables with turmeric and ginger.

Key ingredients: beef or lamb, onion, turmeric, ginger, garlic
Shiro
Shiro

Smooth stew of ground chickpeas simmered with onion, garlic and berbere.

Key ingredients: chickpea flour, onion, garlic, berbereFull guide →
Kitfo
Kitfo

Finely minced beef with mitmita and spiced butter, served warm.

Key ingredients: beef, mitmita, niter kibbeh, ayibFull guide →
Tibs
Tibs

Sauteed cubes of beef or lamb with onion, rosemary and green chili.

Key ingredients: beef or lamb, onion, rosemary, jalapeno
Gored gored
Gored gored

Cubes of lean beef in awaze sauce, seared or served rare.

Key ingredients: beef, awaze, niter kibbeh
Misir wat

Spicy red lentil stew in berbere sauce.

Key ingredients: red lentils, onion, berbere, garlic
Kik alicha

Mild yellow split pea stew with turmeric and garlic.

Key ingredients: split peas, onion, turmeric, garlic
Gomen

Collard greens simmered with onion, garlic and ginger.

Key ingredients: collard greens, onion, garlic, ginger
Atakilt wat

Cabbage, potatoes and carrots stewed with turmeric.

Key ingredients: cabbage, potato, carrot, turmeric
Beyaynetu
Beyaynetu

Mixed vegetarian platter with an assortment of stews on injera.

Key ingredients: lentils, peas, greens, vegetables
Dulet

Finely chopped tripe, liver and lean beef sauteed with spices and chili.

Key ingredients: beef tripe, liver, onion, mitmita
Kocho

Fermented flatbread from the enset (false banana) plant, popular in the south.

Key ingredients: enset

Breakfast

Ful
Ful

Mashed fava beans with onion, tomato, chili and olive oil.

Key ingredients: fava beans, onion, tomato, green chili
Chechebsa

Pan-fried flatbread pieces tossed in spiced butter and berbere.

Key ingredients: flatbread, niter kibbeh, berbere
Genfo
Genfo

Thick barley or wheat porridge with a well of butter and berbere in the center.

Key ingredients: barley flour, butter, berbere
Firfir
Firfir

Shredded injera tossed in spicy sauce, often with dried meat or eggs.

Key ingredients: injera, berbere, niter kibbeh
Dabo kolo
Dabo kolo

Crunchy bite-size baked bread pieces seasoned with berbere.

Key ingredients: flour, berbere, oil

Street food

Sambusa
Sambusa

Crisp triangular pastry filled with lentils or spiced beef.

Key ingredients: pastry, lentils, onion, chili
Kolo

Roasted barley and peanut snack eaten with coffee.

Key ingredients: barley, peanuts, flaxseed
Bombolino

Soft fried doughnuts dusted with sugar, a coffee-time treat.

Key ingredients: flour, sugar, yeast

Soups

Shorba

Light vegetable or lentil soup, sometimes with bits of meat.

Key ingredients: lentils, carrot, potato, onion

Salads

Timatim salad

Fresh tomato, onion and jalapeno salad dressed with lemon and oil.

Key ingredients: tomato, onion, jalapeno, lemon
Azifa

Cold lentil salad with mustard, lemon and green chili.

Key ingredients: green lentils, onion, mustard, lemon

Breads

Injera
Injera

Fermented teff flatbread that is both plate and utensil.

Key ingredients: teff, waterFull guide →
Dabo

Round honey-sweet or plain Ethiopian bread, baked in a clay oven.

Key ingredients: flour, yeast, honey
Ambasha
Ambasha

Lightly sweet decorated bread with cardamom, often shared with family.

Key ingredients: flour, cardamom, butter

Desserts and sweets

Honey cake

Moist cake sweetened with local honey.

Key ingredients: honey, flour, butter
Halva
Halva

Sweet sesame confection enjoyed with coffee.

Key ingredients: sesame, sugarFull guide →

Drinks

Ethiopian coffee (buna)

Roasted fresh and brewed in a clay jebena for a fragrant cup, served in three rounds.

Key ingredients: coffee beans, waterFull guide →
Spris

Layered tea and coffee drink popular in cafes.

Key ingredients: tea, coffee, milk
Honey and ginger cooler

Honey and ginger steeped and served chilled.

Key ingredients: honey, ginger, water
Ethiopian spiced tea

Black tea simmered with cinnamon, cardamom and cloves.

Key ingredients: black tea, cinnamon, cardamom, clove
Avocado juice

Thick, layered fruit juice of avocado, mango and papaya.

Key ingredients: avocado, mango, papaya, lime

Fruits and produce

Avocado
Avocado

Creamy fruit eaten in slices or juices.

Key ingredients: avocadoFull guide →
Mango
Mango

Juicy sweet fruit of the lowlands.

Key ingredients: mangoFull guide →
Papaya
Papaya

Soft orange-fleshed fruit for breakfast or smoothies.

Key ingredients: papayaFull guide →
Banana
Banana

Banana is a well-loved fruit or crop in Ethiopia, eaten fresh or used in juices, snacks and home cooking.

Key ingredients: bananaFull guide →
Coffee cherries
Coffee cherries

Red coffee fruit, the origin of the world's coffee beans.

Key ingredients: coffee cherries
Prickly pear
Prickly pear

Cactus fruit known locally as beles.

Key ingredients: prickly pear

Dish guides from Ethiopia

Explore Ethiopia on Geographical EffectMaps, capital and cities, population, climate, landscapes and landmarks.

More cuisines of Eastern Africa

About this page

Descriptions written by Intercontinental Chef. Dishes are listed as commonly eaten today; many are shared across neighbouring countries.

Photo credits
  • Taita and shiro: Temesgen Woldezion; edited by Merhawie Woldezion, CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Kitfo with Ayibe.: Milo.G, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Injera with eight kinds of stew: Artem.G, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Gored gored plate, July 2019: Thomson200, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Beyaynetu: Dawityirga, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ful medames: Zachbe at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Ga'at food: Stefan Alfons Tzeggai, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Taita fit-fit: Temesgen Woldezion (edited by Merhawie Woldezion), CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • ASC Leiden - Dabo kolo - "Elsa kolo Yegbes Kolo Belewez" - A bowl of bread chunks with packaging, Leiden 2022: Jongenelen, R.G.L., CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Samosas, snack food at Wikipedia's 16th Birthday celebration in Chittagong (01): Moheen Reeyad, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Himbasha: Temesgen Woldezion (edited by Merhawie Woldezion), CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Orient sweets (special halva) Samarkand, Siyab: Shuhrenataxmedov, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Persea americana fruit 2: B.navez, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Mangos - single and halved: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Carica papaya - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-029: Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)
  • 14-QWSTION-BANANATEX-STRIPPING-LAUSCHSICHT: BANANATEX, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Coffee Flowers: Marcelo Corrêa, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
  • Dikenli İncir (Opuntia ficus-indica) Gaziantep Turkey.IMG 1104: YG01, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)