Croissant

A flaky, buttery crescent with a honeycomb of crisp layers inside. It is the icon of the French breakfast table.

Croissant

Croissant-Petr Kratochvil: Petr Kratochvil, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)

Where it comes from

The croissant is a laminated pastry that took its modern form in France in the early twentieth century, building on an Austrian crescent-shaped pastry tradition. Today bakeries around the world make it daily.

Explore the cuisine of France.

Recipe

Make Croissant at home

Serves 12Time 6 hours (including chilling)

Ingredients

  • 4 cups (500 g) bread flour
  • 1/3 cup (65 g) sugar
  • 2 tsp (7 g) instant yeast
  • 2 tsp salt
  • 1 1/4 cups (300 ml) cold milk
  • 1 cup plus 2 tbsp (250 g) cold unsalted butter, in one flat block
  • 1 egg beaten with 1 tbsp milk, for glaze

How it's made

  1. Mix flour, sugar, yeast, salt and milk into a smooth dough. Knead briefly, wrap and chill 1 hour.
  2. Shape the cold butter into a 7-inch (18 cm) square between sheets of parchment.
  3. Roll the dough into a 14-inch (36 cm) square, place the butter diagonally in the center and fold the corners over to enclose it.
  4. Roll out to a long rectangle and fold in thirds like a letter. Chill 30 minutes. Repeat the roll and fold two more times, chilling each time.
  5. Roll the dough to 1/8 inch (4 mm) thick, cut long triangles and roll each from the wide end to the tip.
  6. Place on trays, curve into crescents, and let rise at room temperature until puffy, 1 1/2 to 2 hours.
  7. Brush with egg wash and bake at 400 F (200 C) for 15 to 18 minutes until deep golden.

Variations

  • Pain au chocolat: roll two chocolate batons into a rectangle of dough.
  • Almond croissant: fill with almond cream and top with sliced almonds.
  • Ham and cheese croissant: a savory sandwich-style filling.

Cook’s tip: Keep the dough and butter cold at every stage; if the butter softens and smears, chill the dough before rolling again.

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About this page

Description and method written by Intercontinental Chef. Home-style method; quantities are a starting point, so adjust to taste.

Photo credit
  • Croissant-Petr Kratochvil: Petr Kratochvil, CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)